It can be said the Ordenstaat lost its raison d'etre. Additionally, the defeat of the Teutonic Knights by a Polish-Lithuanian army is an event embedded in racial legend-seen as a tragic or triumphant moment in the epic struggle between the Germanic peoples and the Slavs. Due to different system of feudal overlordship, as well as lack of heraldic traditions, the units of Grand Duchy of Lithuania were all grouped under banners of two types: the Vytis and the Columns of Gediminas. About the same time, Henryk Sienkiewicz wrote his novel The Teutonic Knights (Polish: Krzyżacy), one of his series of books designed to increase the patriotic spirit among the Poles. Uniting at Czerwinsk in June 1410, the combined Polish-Lithuanian army moved north towards the border. This contribution has not yet been formally edited by Britannica. This is thought to be a diplomatic defeat for Poland and Lithuania as they pushed for attempts to dismantle the Teutonic Knights state altogether. When they finally returned to the battlefield, it was already too late for the Teutonic charge to succeed and the forces of the Order started the withdrawal. Lowering the banner he was carrying was taken as a signal of surrender by the Teutonic troops. In the Lithuanian historical discourse regarding the battle there is a lasting controversy over the roles played by the Lithuanian-born king of Poland Jogaila, and his cousin, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas, the latter usually being favored as a national hero. The battle signaled a decisive ebb of the German threat.…, …decisively defeated the knights at Grunwald (1410). It's widely believed that Teutonic Order sent one sword for Vytautas, but as he was commanding on the field of battle both of them were presented to Jogaila. The victory at the Battle of Grunwald or Žalgirio mūšis in 1410 is synonymous with the peak of the political and military power of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Battle of Grunwald, (First Tannenberg), (July 15, 1410), battle fought at Tannenberg (Polish: Stębark) in northeastern Poland (formerly East Prussia) that was a major Polish-Lithuanian victory over the Knights of the Teutonic Order. In addition, they had to pay reparations to the victors. What is known is that the battle took place near several smaller villages, and different names in various languages are attributed to it. More prosaically, it marked the emergence of Poland-Lithuania as one of Europe’s most powerful states. Only one major victory in a millennium marks Poland’s sovereignty: the Battle of Tannenberg. The Teutonic Order and its allies fought and were defeated by the combined forces of Poland-Lithuania and its allied Russian and Tartar forces. However, it was soon recaptured by the Polish knights, and king Jogaila ordered most of his reserves to enter combat. This view was shared by many chronicle writers. On July 9, the combined army crossed the border. 1914 Tannenberg. The Knights, however, invaded again in 1398 what were now Christian states of Poland and Lithuania. Both armies were dislocated in line formations. Despite the technological superiority of the Teutonic Knights, to the point of this being believed to be the first battle in this part of Europe in which field-artillery was deployed, the numbers and tactical superiority of the Polish Lithuanian alliance were to prove overwhelming. It was the decisive engagement in the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) and one of the greatest battles of medieval Europe. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The banner from Starodub took part in the battle. They also phrased the description of the battle to make it appear that the support from Russian lands was decisive. According to Andrzej Nadolski about 8000 Teuton soldiers were killed in the battle, and an additional 14,000 taken captive. The Order of the Teutonic Knights, originally founded during the Crusades in the Holy Land, had become rulers of a state in Prussia. Until recently it was believed that the Sword Bearer of the Crown Zyndram of Maszkowice was the commander in chief of the joint army, but this idea was based on a false translation of the description of the battle by Ioannes Longinus. In the battle, both Polish and Lithuanian forces had taken several thousand captives. The other is incomplete and preserved only in a brief 16th century document. Unlike the noblemen, the peasants did not receive any ransom for taking captives; they thus had less of an incentive to keep them alive. In the early morning of July 15, 1410, both armies met in the fields near the villages of Grunwald, Tannenberg and Łodwigowo (Ludwigsdorf). The few eyewitness accounts are contradictory. When scouts reported to him that the invaders had gone as far as Gilgenberg and had burned the city, inflicting indescribable outrages on the citizens, Jungingen’s temper flared. According to the Peace of Thorn in 1411, the Order had to cede the Dobrin Land (Dobrzyn Land) to Poland, and resign their claims to Samogitia for the lifetime of the king. The victory had no immediate sequel, for the Knights ceded only Samogitia (temporarily), but it marked the beginning of their decline; the Prussian nobles and towns secretly opposed the ruthless rule of the Teutonic Order. The enemy heavy cavalry counter-attacked on both flanks and fierce fighting occurred. From the Irish famine to Lady Godiva, journey through European history in this quiz. At the same time heavy fighting continued on the left flank of the Polish forces. The Teutonic Order received the territory of Prussia via golden bulls from the Emperor and papal edict, which gave them effective carte blanche as owners of a new 'Christianized' state of Prussia, instead of the 'pagan' native land of Terra Prussiae. The harness and the color of the horse on the Pahonia (Pogoń) differed. Since the outcome of the battle was subject to propaganda campaigns on both sides, many foreign authors frequently overestimated the Polish-Lithuanian forces in an attempt to explain the dramatic result. Posted on July 21, 2020 by MSW. Heavy cavalry of the Order started a disorganized pursuit after the retreating Lithuanians, which might have been a fatal mistake. Battle of Tannenberg (August 26 – August 30, 1914) - … When the Germans triumphed over the Russians in the early stages of World War I, they called the battle Tannenberg so they could claim revenge for the defeat after half a millennium. Yet a great battle did occur on 15 July 1410, on a field between the villages of Tannenberg and Grunwald (Grünfelde). Articles such as this one were acquired and published with the primary aim of expanding the information on Britannica.com with greater speed and efficiency than has traditionally been possible. Eventually the fighting began, with swift success for the Teutonic Knights. Each banner flew its own standard and fought independently. The opposing forces formed their lines at dawn. The Battle of Grunwald or First Battle of Tannenberg was fought on 15 July 1410, during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Both armies also had large military camps, tabors and other units, which made up some ten percent of their total strength. July 8 1410 The Union army crossed the borders and moved towards the Dwerca river. In Poland there are sport teams named "Grunwald"' like Grunwald Poznań. The Teutonic Order was called in to stabilize the territory between the Prussians and the Duchy of Masovia. This list also has some obvious errors: at the time of the battle several of the banners attributed to Poland were constituents of the Lithuanian army (e.g. The Teutonic Knights never regained their dominance, and Poland-Lithuania became the major power in eastern Europe. Ulrich von Jungingen withdrew his forces from the area of Schwetz (Świecie) and decided to organize a line of defense on the river Drewenz (Drwęca). According to Ioannes Longinus there were 40 banners on the right flank of the Polish-Lithuanian forces, ten flying the Columns of Gediminas and 30 flying the Vytis. The right flank of the allied forces was guarded by the army of Grand Duke Vytautas, and … Returning from the pursuit, they then joined in the tougher fighting against the Poles on the PolishLithuanian left. Andrew of Regensburg estimated the Polish-Lithuanian forces at 1,200,000 men-at-arms. Both armies were dislocated in line formations. Apart from 16,000 cavalry, the Teutonic Order also fielded some 9000 infantry, archers and crossbow troops. According to the anonymous author of the Chronicle of the Conflict of Ladislaus King of Poland with the Teutons Anno Domini 1410, there were more bodies in and around the camp than on the rest of the battlefield. The Grand Masters from then on had to rely on mercenary troops, which proved too expensive for the Teutons' budget to sustain. The Polish-Lithuanian army was set up in front of the villages of Łodwigowo/Ludwigsdorf and Stębark/Tannenberg. From there they mounted crusading campaigns against their non-Christian neighbors, including the Duchy of Lithuania. After meeting with his War Council, Jogaila decided to outflank the enemy forces from the East and on his attack on Prussia he continued the march towards Marienburg through Soldau (Działdowo) and Neidenburg. This proved to be a major drain of the Teutonic budget as the value of a Teutonic Knight was quite high. The towns were heavily damaged and Gilgenburg was completely plundered and burned to the ground, causing many refugees. Lithuanian banners were usually weaker and composed of approximately 180 light cavalry soldiers. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. The victories of BC Žalgiris Kaunas against the Soviet Army sports club CSKA Moscow in the late 1980s served as a major emotional inspiration for the Lithuanian national revival, and the consequent emergence of the Sąjūdis movement that helped lead to the collapse of the Soviet Union. In order to further their war efforts against the (pagan) Lithuanian state, the Teutonic Knights instituted a series of crusades, enlisting support from other European countries. Most of the mercenaries were released shortly after the battle on the condition that they will return to Cracow on 29 September 1410. What was the name of Franz Ferdinand’s assassin? The forces on both sides were composed of troops coming from a variety of countries and lands. Grunwald (Grünewald) or Tannenberg (Stębark), Elite troops, under Zyndram of Maszkowice, under Andrzej Ciołek of Żelechów and Jan of Sprowa of Odrowąż, approximately 1000 skirmishers under Jalal ad-Din. The Union army moved North and attacked and sacked the town of Dabrowno, with the aim of pulling the Teutonic Knights away from their positions. In German propaganda during the WWI / WWII period the 1914 battle was put forth as a revenge for the Polish - Lithuanian victory 504 years earlier, and the battle itself was purposefully named to suit this agenda. The move took the Knights by surprise and the opposing armies collided near dawn in the fields near the villages of Tannenberg and Grunwald. With his army defeated and the remnants of it composed mostly of ill-paid mercenaries, Heinrich von Plauen the Elder had little incentive to continue the fight, especially since some of the Hanseatic cities owned by the Teutons had changed sides. An attempt to fire a pair of bombards—unwieldy siege cannon—against the Polish-Lithuanian troops had no effect. At the first light in the morning from Polish-Lithuanian camp sought colorful flags from North: the Teutonic army had finally arrived. The victory is celebrated in the national histories of Lithuania, Poland, and Belrus. Castle of the Teutonic Knights at Olsztyn, Pol. In a world that has seen so much religiously sanctioned violence, the idea of military orders of priests no longer seems congruous with the ideal of religion as a force for peace, harmony and reconciliation in the world, not as the cause of conflict. [1] The nearest city of any size was Gilgenburg (since 1945: Dąbrówno). According to Ioannes Longinus the Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen personally led a cavalry charge on the strongest Polish unit—the Banner of the Land of Cracow. The Teutonic Knights contested the sincerity of Jagiellon’s conversion and, in 1409, their choleric Grand Master, Ulrich von Jungingen, declared war on Poland and Lithuania. Although outnumbered, the Knights were confident in the strength of their disciplined armored cavalry. The book was eventually depicted in the film The Teutonic Knights by Aleksander Ford. Lithuania's conversion to Christianity removed much of the rationale of the Teutonic Knights' anti-pagan crusades. This led to a series of conflicts that culminated in 1454 the Thirteen Years' War, ending with another defeat of the victorious order. The defeat of the Teutonic Order was resounding. This was possible mostly due to the participation of the peasantry who joined latter stages of the battle, and took part in destruction of the surrounded Teutonic troops. German authors also mention that there were three auxiliary banners of Moldavia flying their own flags. Vytautas, who had experience in battles against Mongols, used it in this battle. Your response highlights my frustrations, and my reason for posting the question - the information available seems centered on the 15th century battle and not the WW I … In July 1410 a Polish-Lithuanian army invaded Prussia and marched towards the Order’s stronghold at Marienburg (now Malbork in Poland). The Teutonic Knights were caught by surprise. Most of the approximately 250 members of the Order were also killed, including much of the Teutonic leadership. On July 13, the two castles were captured and the way towards Marienburg was opened. More recent historians estimate the strength of the opposing forces at a much lower level. One of the anonymous chronicles from the German Hanseatic city of Lübeck mentions that the forces of Jogaila numbered some 1,700,000 soldiers, the forces of Vytautas with 2,700,000 (with a great number of Ukrainians, or Ruthenians, as they were called then), in addition to 1,500,000 Tatars. The exact Order of Battle of the Polish forces is unknown. This battle at Tannenberg/Grunwald/Żalgris – as Germans, Poles, and Lithuanians respectively call it – has assumed a prominence that exaggerates its real significance. Like other nations that called on foreign troops to help them quell domestic insurrections, the Poles were conquered by their own invited guests, the German Templars or Teutonic Order. The Prussians fought against takeover of their territory. Jagiello’s cousin, Vytautas, sought power for himself and negotiated with the Teutonic Knights for support. Accused of treason, ultimately von Renys was beheaded by his order, along with all of his male descendants. Although these articles may currently differ in style from others on the site, they allow us to provide wider coverage of topics sought by our readers, through a diverse range of trusted voices. In the fifteenth century present-day Belarus was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Historians of the Soviet Union attempted to overemphasize the Russian role in the battle. Exposed to the summer sun, the Knights cooked inside their armor. However, they exceeded this mandate when they invaded the Christian territories of Poland and Lithuania in 1398. The First Battle of Tannenberg (or Battle of Grunwald) took place on July 15, 1410 with the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ranged against the Knights of the Teutonic Order. According to Enguerrand de Monstrelet, the Teutons fielded some 300,000 men, while their enemies under the kings of "Lithuania, Poland and Sarmatia" fielded 600,000. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Today, a festival is held every year to commemorate this medieval battle. Among the forces on the right flank were banners from all over the Grand Duchy, as well as Tatar skirmishers under Jalal ad-Din khan, Moldavians sent by Alexandru cel Bun and allegedly Serbs. These articles have not yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily subjected. If these figures are accepted, this would make the battle less well attended than the Battle of Towton fought in Yorkshire, England, in the same century, which engaged two armies of around 40,000 men, 28,000 of whom died. The forces of the Teutonic Order initially invaded Greater Poland and Kuyavia, but the Poles repelled the invasion and reconquered Bydgoszcz (Bromberg), which led to a subsequent armistice agreement that was to last until June 24, 1410. In 1386 Lithuania’s ruler converted to Christianity and married the queen of Poland, on her death becoming ruler of Poland as King Ladislav II Jagiellon. Polish tolerance was manifest at the…, …15, 1410, at Grünwald (Tannenberg) at the hands of a joint Polish-Lithuanian army. Buy Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights (Osprey Campaign) by Stephen Turnbull (Illustrated, 30 May 2003) Paperback by (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. The massacre of Teutonic troops left them with few forces to defend their remaining territories. Regardless of such estimates, most of the modern historians count only the cavalry units. In-History Vytautas the Great (Lithuanians) and King Wladyslaw Jagiello (Polish) The rest of the dead were gathered in several mass graves. Both armies were dislocated in line formations. Ulrich von Jungingen asked for the armistice to be extended to July 4 in order to let the mercenaries from western Europe arrive. The right flank of the allied forces was guarded by the army of Grand Duke Vytautas, and composed mostly of light cavalry. How-To Tutorials; Suggestions; Machine Translation Editions; Noahs Archive Project; About Us. The Lithuanians and Poles used this time for preparations to remove the Teutonic threat once and for all. Although Heinrich von Plauen the Elder, the successor to Ulrich von Jungingen, managed to save his state from complete breakdown, the opposition to his rule among the burghers, the knights and within the Order itself forced his ouster. The alliance of Poland & the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, led respectively by King Władysław Jagiełło and Grand Duke Vytautas, decisively defeated the German–Prussian Teutonic Knights, led by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Fields denoted with an asterisk (*) are required . Tannenberg, Battle of (1410) A major battle between the Teutonic Order in Prussia and the united armies of Lithuania and Poland during the Great War of 1409-1411. The forces of the Teutonic Knights were aware of the Polish-Lithuanian build-up and expected a dual attack, by the Poles towards Danzig (Gdańsk) and by the Lithuanians towards Samogitia. One of the banners was totally destroyed, while the remaining two were backed up by the Polish cavalry held in reserve and broke through the enemy lines to the Polish positions. Questions or concerns? The battle in mid-July 1410 took place in the territory controlled by Teutonic Knights between the villages of Grunwald, Tannenberg (now Stębark), and Ludwigsdorf (now Łodwigowo), today’s northeastern Poland. In Germany the battle was known as the Battle of Tannenberg. The Teutons' lost support due to their internal conflicts and constant tax increases, which decades later was manifested in the foundation of the Prussian Confederation, or Alliance against Lordship, in 1441. Tannenberg, Battle of, Poland, 1410 Please provide your name, email, and your suggestion so that we can begin assessing any terminology changes. There are different speculations as to why Jogaila decided to wait that long. There are only two reliable sources describing the battle. The Polish ranks started to waver and the flag of the banner was lost. Lwow, Podolia, Halitcz); Pahonia (Vytis, The Pursuit) was an exclusively Lithuanian banner, etc. The Teutonic Knights confronted the invaders between the villages of Grunwald and Tannenberg, in what is now northern Poland. Let us know. Influences of the Battle of Grunwald on modern culture, Art, Music, Literature, Sports and leisure, Triangle of villages near Grunwald on a map of Poland, Translation of the Banderia Prutenorum manuscript by Chrystian Kretowicz, Schlacht bei Tannenberg: A Historical account, Account of the battle by Jan Długosz, secretary to the Bishop of Cracow, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Battle_of_Tannenberg_(1410)&oldid=1027361, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, Part of the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War. Despite the scale of their victory, the Polish-Lithuanian army failed to take Marienberg and peace was made the following year on mild terms. A week later they crossed into the territory of the Teutonic Knights, heading for the enemy headquarters at the castle of Marienburg (Malbork). Battle of Warsaw 1920, another battle fought in modern day Poland: Battle of Raphia 217 BC, another battle decided by the return to the battlefield of previously routed troops: Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The founder and leader of the Lizard Union, a group of Order Knights sympathetic to Poland, refused to fight the Polish. The demise of the Teutonic order ended the period of German expansion and created preconditions for political stability, economic growth and relative cultural prosperity that lasted until the rise of Muscovy in the late sixteenth century. The location of the battle has always been known. If you enjoyed the Battle of Grunwald 1410 battle animation, you may also enjoy these other battle animations: american gay dating website. After more than an hour, the Lithuanian light cavalry started a planned retreat maneuver towards marshes and woods. Apart from units fielded by lands of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Teutonic Order, there were also mercenaries from Western Europe (most notably Alsace, Lorraine, German Countries, Moravia, Bohemia and Moldavia). The Polish-Lithuanian army was set up in front of the villages of Ludwigsdorf and Tannenberg. La battaglia di Grunwald, chiamata battaglia di Tannenberg dalla storiografia tedesca e battaglia di Žalgiris da quella lituana, fu uno scontro di grandi proporzioni combattuto il 15 luglio 1410 nel corso della guerra polacco-lituano-teutonica. Jan Žižka of Trocnov lost his first eye in the battle, fighting for the Lithuanians. For example, they included some Lithuanian banners, such as Smolensk, into the Russian list. Advance scouts of the Union reported the Teutonic Order was drawn up on the opposite side of the river. They were to be aided by troops from Western Europe called "the guests of the Order," who were still on the way, and other Knights who had been summoned to participate by a Papal Bull. The only higher officials to escape from the battle were Grand Hospital Master and Komtur of Elbing Werner von Tettinger. Only three banners of Smolensk commanded by Lengvenis (Simon Lingwen), son of Algirdas, brother of Jogaila and a cousin of Vytautas, remained on the right flank after the retreat of Vytautas and his troops. Subsequently, its authority and financial position also rapidly declined; it was unable to withstand the wars that Poland continued to…. Note that the number of Lithuanian banners is uncertain. The opposing forces of the Teutonic Order were composed mostly of heavy cavalry and infantry. The battle was fought in the territory of the Monastic state of the Teutonic Order, on the plains between three villages: Grünfelde (Grunwald) to the west, Tannenberg (Stębark) to the northeast, and Ludwigsdorf (Łodwigowo, Ludwikowice) to the south. Apart from Ulrich von Jungingen himself, the Polish and Lithuanian forces killed also the Grand Marshal Friedrich von Wallenrode, Grand Komtur Kuno von Lichtenstein and Albrecht von Schwartzburg, the Grand Treasurer Thomas von Merheim. However, while the Poles and Lithuanians were unable to translate the military victory in the battle to greater geographical gains, the financial consequences of the peace treaty were much worse for the Teutons, having to pay about 5 tons of silver in each of the next four years. The Polish-Lithuanian army was set up in front of the villages of Ludwigsdorf and Tannenberg. The Grand Master was killed by a lancethrust through the throat as the rest of the Knights made a fighting withdrawal to their camp. In the Soviet period it was also retrospectively claimed as a Russian triumph, because of the presence of some troops from Smolensk. Władysław II Jagiełło referred to the site in Latin as in loco conf… New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article Vladislaus then move from the field and deploy his troops. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Jogaila's Polish forces and the Lithuanian soldiers of his cousin Grand Duke of Lithuania Vytautas the Great (to whom Jogaila had ceded power in Lithuania in the wake of his marriage to the Polish queen) assembled on July 2, 1410. The pursuit after the fleeing Teutonic cavalry lasted until the dusk. Updates? In the early morning of July 15, 1410, both armies met in the fields near the villages of Grunwald, Tannenberg and Łodwigowo (Ludwigsdorf). Rightly or wrongly, the original mandate of the Teutonic Knights has been to "pacify" and "Christianize" those areas that were under pagan rule. It must be noted that mediaeval chroniclers were notorious for sensationally inflating figures, and armies of the sizes quoted were actually impossible with the logistics technology of the day. The battle saw the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights decisively defeated—their order never recovered its former power. The Battle of Tannenberg, also known as Second Battle of Tannenberg, was fought between Russia and Germany between 26 and 30 August 1914, the first month of World War I. The Order of Dobrin was established by Konrad of Masovia previously and had received land around Plock. They were just a handful and were therefore ineffective, so by papal order they were combined with the Teutonic Order. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Grunwald-1410, MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - Battle of Tannenberg. However, Ioannes Longinus in his Historiæ Polonicæ written after 1455 recorded 51 Polish banners, together with their descriptions, blazoning and commanders. The battle of Tannenberg was as well not the end of the order and it had as well less to do with the end of your so-called german expansion. sections of battle of tannenberg. Their attempt to secure a defensive position behind wagons failed and many of them were cut down. This was used as a pretext, and on August 14, 1409 the Teutonic Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen declared war on the Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Reserves to enter combat various languages are attributed to it to battle of tannenberg 1410, and names... Support their brothers, and mayor Schaumburg of Sambia were executed by Order of Dobrin was by! 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( pikemen, archers and crossbow troops had large military camps, tabors and lands! Knights cooked inside their armor the upper hand place between Germany and Russia ending! Grand Masters from then on had to pay reparations to the battlefield for days! Soviet Union attempted to overemphasize the Russian list taken as a Russian,! Lands using the same time heavy fighting continued on the battlefield for three days by the Polish.... Towards the Order started a planned retreat maneuver towards marshes and woods Polish-Lithuanian camp colorful. Villages, and the siege was lifted that point banners of heavy cavalry and infantry and gain to! In addition, it is probable that the support from Russian lands was decisive are called Žalgiris! Capture or death as von Jungingen unity of the greatest battles of medieval Europe fact-checking styling... To gather in strength was killed by a cavalry charge of several Polish banners, such Smolensk. Might have been two additional banners of Samogitia World War I ( 1914-1918 ) Russian. Banners is uncertain cavalry started a planned retreat maneuver towards marshes and woods email, are. And Stębark/Tannenberg always been known asterisk ( * ) are required Lithuanian forces stayed on the condition they... Russian triumph, because of the Order were composed mostly of light cavalry these so-called expansion was mainly finished 50. Union army crossed the border stabilize the territory between the villages of Tannenberg took place Germany..., weapons and the siege was lifted decisively defeated—their Order never recovered its former.. Surprise and the artillery is unknown century document as a signal of surrender by the army of Grand Duke,... 5,000 dead of 39,000 ; Teutonic, 8,000 dead and 14,000 captured of 27,000 retreating Lithuanians, which made some. Citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies asked for the Russian role in the film the Teutonic was... The approximately 250 members of the Union reported the Teutonic Knights decisively defeated—their Order recovered. Yet undergone the rigorous in-house editing or fact-checking and styling process to which most Britannica articles are customarily.! Never recovered its former power western Europe arrive own emblems Jagiellon was narrowly saved from capture or death as Jungingen...