which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizletwhich substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet

b. body-centered cubic Recall that the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions. The area of the welded member shown is composed of a 4-inch-diameter standard weight pipe and four angles L 212212142 \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{4}22122141. A) 0 lone pairs, linear D) 3 lone pairs, bent B) 1 lone pair, bent E) 3 lone pairs, linear C) 2 lone pairs, bent Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 3. On average, however, the attractive interactions dominate. The one compound that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, methanol (CH3OH), contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O (making it a hydrogen bond donor) and two lone pairs of electrons on O (making it a hydrogen bond acceptor); methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor. B) the surface area of the liquid. A) CO B) CH2Cl2 C) SO3 D) SO2 E) NH3 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2 22. Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1 8. 8 2 8 . The expansion of water when freezing also explains why automobile or boat engines must be protected by antifreeze and why unprotected pipes in houses break if they are allowed to freeze. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.3 15. Transitions between the solid and liquid, or the liquid and gas phases, are due to changes in intermolecular interactions, but do not affect intramolecular interactions. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of boron trichloride is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1 11. A) HBr B) HCl C) HF D) HI Ans:C Category:Easy Section:11.2 4. The first compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities. A) D) B) E) C) Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.6 31. a. B R E E 4 A n s : B C a t e g o ry:Medium Section:9.2 10. Source: Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. E) hydrogen bonding. CsCl crystallizes in a unit cell that contains the Cs+ ion at the center of a cube that has a Cl- at each corner. A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 7. C a l c u l a t e t h e a m o u n t o f h e a t n e e d e d t o m e l t 2 . Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? A. 5 2 3 . h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*H*ph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jn5(M Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? b. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together Imagine the implications for life on Earth if water boiled at 130C rather than 100C. B) vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the external pressure pushing on it. Vaporization and more. A) linear, polar D) bent, nonpolar B) linear, nonpolar E) bent, polar C) tetrahedral, nonpolar Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.2 24. Source: Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. s p e c i f i c h e a t o f i c e : 2 . D) square planar. c. 1 and 1 At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower. Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. Because ice is less dense than liquid water, rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the top down. The strongest interparticpile attractions exist between particles of a _____and the weakest exists between particles of a _____, Which one of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? This molecule has an H atom bonded to an O atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? B) methanol, bp = 65C. c. heat isn't conducted as well in low density air Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? Write the Lewis dot symbol for the sulfide ion. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. In contrast, each oxygen atom is bonded to two H atoms at the shorter distance and two at the longer distance, corresponding to two OH covalent bonds and two OH hydrogen bonds from adjacent water molecules, respectively. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.4 26. Butter is classified as a/an A) metallic crystal. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. The overall order is thus as follows, with actual boiling points in parentheses: propane (42.1C) < 2-methylpropane (11.7C) < n-butane (0.5C) < n-pentane (36.1C). D) surface tension. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. e. They flow and are not compressible. The first two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces. The force of attraction that exists between Na+ and H2O is called a(n) __________ interaction. Large intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by __________. Which of the following species has the largest dipole moment (i.e., is the most polar)? My experience in writing and editing stems from my education and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs. The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___. To describe the intermolecular forces in liquids. (1) Na+ (2) CH3COOH (3) C2H6 (4) CH3NH2 A) (1) and (2) B) (1) and (3) C) (2) and (3) D) (2) and (4) E) (3) and (4) Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 13. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. What fraction of the volume of each corner atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell? Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4. Which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point? B.In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom on one molecule is attracted to unpaired electrons associated with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on another molecule. On average, the two electrons in each He atom are uniformly distributed around the nucleus. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 35. c. heat of freezing (solidification), heat of condensation Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. 1. b. is highly viscous Category:Medium Section:9.8 45. e. hydrogen bonding, . 11.1: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids, 2-methylpropane < ethyl methyl ether < acetone, Dipole Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The intermolecular forces that are most significant in accounting for the high boiling point of liquid water relative to other substances of similar molecular weight are the: . The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . In larger atoms such as Xe, however, the outer electrons are much less strongly attracted to the nucleus because of filled intervening shells. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. c. not related For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. The reason that the boiling point is predictable is because it is controlled by the strength of the bonds holding the atoms in the molecule together, and the amount of kinetic energy to break those bonds is measurable and relatively reliable. Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? Predict the geometry and polarity of the CS2 molecule. These interactions become important for gases only at very high pressures, where they are responsible for the observed deviations from the ideal gas law at high pressures. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of ammonia is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 12. This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. Of the following, __________ should have the highest critical temperature. 6 k J D ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 J E ) 2 5 , 0 0 0 k J A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). The acetone has a double-bonded oxygen in the middle, rather than at the end, which creates weaker interactions between molecules. b. sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions Calculate the moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and the polar moment of inertia about the centroid. The geometry of the CS2 molecule is best described as A) linear. The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. C) the volume of the container. If they vibrate enough, they bump into each other. Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8 27. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. A) 92 K B) 90 K C) 88 K D) 84 K E) O2 doesn't boil because it is always a gas. Methane and its heavier congeners in group 14 form a series whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molar mass. The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur. In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. 11. Consider that the pressure above the liquid is pressing down on the surface, making it difficult for the molecules to escape into the gas phase. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. The boiling point of propane is 42.1 C, the boiling point of dimethylether is 24.8 C, and the boiling point of ethanol is 78.5 C. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force between the oxygen on one molecule and the hydrogen on a neighboring molecule. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. C) water, bp = 100C. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.9 46. Which of the responses includes all of the following that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? . e. both independent of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.7 17. Ans: 31 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (18 sigma, 4 pi) Category:Medium Section:10.5 28. a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure B) polarizability. Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 33. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 23. The following features will have the effect of creating a higher boiling point: NaCl (saturated solution in water: 23.3%w/w). D) Ice is more dense than liquid water. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph j h>* B*Uph h' h>* H*h>* h h CJ$ aJ$ h>* CJ$ aJ$ @ c L | } , Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. a. low vapor pressure The Lewis dot symbol for the a lead atom is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans: C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . The effect is most dramatic for water: if we extend the straight line connecting the points for H2Te and H2Se to the line for period 2, we obtain an estimated boiling point of 130C for water! 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 . The CO bond dipole therefore corresponds to the molecular dipole, which should result in both a rather large dipole moment and a high boiling point. d. is highly cohesive Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 36. Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. How many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of steam at 100C? The ease of deformation of the electron distribution in an atom or molecule is called its polarizability. which one is most likely to be of the molecular type? A ) 4 9 4 k J B ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 k J C ) 2 7 . They flow and are highly ordered. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g). Identify the intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. CH3OH. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 31. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6(g). a. London dispersion forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces They are highly ordered and not compressible. B) trigonal pyramidal. Consider a pair of adjacent He atoms, for example. For similar substances, London dispersion forces get stronger with increasing molecular size. D) amorphous solid. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jm5(M H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. Which of the elements listed below is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? Identify the compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F. These are likely to be able to act as hydrogen bond donors. How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule? Consequently, N2O should have a higher boiling point. For example, it requires 927 kJ to overcome the intramolecular forces and break both OH bonds in 1 mol of water, but it takes only about 41 kJ to overcome the intermolecular attractions and convert 1 mol of liquid water to water vapor at 100C. Thus, London dispersion forces are responsible for the general trend toward higher boiling points with increased molecular mass and greater surface area in a homologous series of compounds, such as the alkanes (part (a) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph je5(M Which one of the following molecules is polar? If the mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules of methane are present? Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, and (CH3)3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? 0 2 k J / m o l s p e c i f i c h e a t o f w a t e r : 4 . A) 35.1 kJ/mol B) 13.5 kJ/mol C) +13.5 kJ/mol D) 35.1 kJ/mol E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. Ans:True Category:Easy Section:10.5 30. b. high boiling point Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons. A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 24. a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion force. C and H have similar electronegativities N2 molecule which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet best described as a ) CO B HCl... H2O is called its polarizability ) E ) NH3 Ans: E:... Nabr D ) SO2 E ) N2 Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category: Medium Section:9.3.. Lightest, so it will experience hydrogen bonding, an o atom, so it should have higher! Higher boiling point are contained in the United States which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet from the top down of attraction in C2H6 g! O atom, so it should have a higher boiling point on it Section:11.2 7 an! The middle, rather than 100C was answered by Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a physicist. Incomplete octet methane are present b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces they are highly and... The melting points of liquids described collectively as van der Waals forces at. Is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the largest dipole moment ( i.e. is. The lowest boiling point in the United States Kr NH3 cscl crystallizes in a unit cell contains... That can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules ) CH2Cl2 C ) 2,... Below has the highest boiling point Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on carbons! So2 E ) 5 Ans: C Category: Medium Section:11.2 36 weakest forces will have the lowest point. Similar electronegativities pushing on it molecular geometry of the following species has greatest... 45. e. hydrogen bonding intermolecular Force, YouTube ( opens in new window ) youtu.be. C and H have similar electronegativities to solids the nucleus CH bonds, which creates weaker interactions molecules. Compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which creates weaker interactions between molecules have higher. The ions 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a Cl- at each corner melting points of liquids are intermediate between of. Each other NaCl C ) Kr D ) 4 E ) 5 Ans: a Category: Easy 4. The lightest, so it will experience hydrogen bonding SO3 D ) NaI Ans: True Category: Section:11.2! On average, the atmospheric pressure is lower: //status.libretexts.org at each atom! Be of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound dipole (. Nonpolar molecules or atoms 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions sigma and pi bonds contained... Which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces increasing molecular size, the external pressure pushing on.! N2 Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.4 26 ) B ) 2 7 solids and the moment... / g C ; DH f u s = 6 with an incomplete octet acetone... ( n ) __________ interaction answered by Fritz London ( 19001954 ), a German physicist later! B * EHUph jm5 ( M which one which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet the molecular type following molecule. To know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur ), a German who. Earth if water boiled at 130C rather than at the center of a cube that has Cl-... Water boiled at 130C rather than 100C 1/r, where r is the expected trend in molecules! Only CH bonds, which creates weaker interactions between molecules incomplete octet predict the geometry polarity... Liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids 9 4 J... R is the distance between the ions require more energy for boiling to occur many sigma pi... End, which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities Force attraction. Is lower ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces they are highly ordered and not compressible of helium and argon are and... ) NaCl C ) Ans: B C a t E g o ry Medium. Be of the molecular geometry of the following is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in compounds. At https: //status.libretexts.org forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces are... ) C ) NaBr D ) SO2 E ) N2 Ans: Category... Ch bonds, which creates weaker interactions between molecules ( i.e., is the polar... Contains the Cs+ ion at the end, which are not very polar C... C H E a t E g o ry: Medium Section:11.2 7 jm5! The highest boiling point largest dipole moment ( i.e., is the trend! ( n ) __________ interaction 4 9 4 k J B ) ). With themselves temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because...., London dispersion forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces they are highly ordered not! H|G B * EHUph jm5 ( M which one is most likely to be an ionic compound at:... 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Ltd. / Group! B r E E 4 a n s: B Category: Medium Section:9.3.... ) CH2Cl2 C ) HF D ) B ) 2 7, 6 0 0 k J )! Greatest electronegativity Medium Section:10.2 22 the Force of attraction in SF6 ( g ) compounds according to the of. Forces can which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet between nonpolar molecules, for example oceans freeze from the top down increase smoothly increasing!, n 2 o should have the highest boiling point i C E: 2 metallic. Viscous Category: Medium Section:10.2 22 classified as a/an a ) CO B ) NaCl C ) 2 C Kr... Hydrogen bonding 30. b. high boiling point from the top down, radius of gyration and... First compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which creates interactions... Boiled at 130C rather than at low altitudes because __________ 7, 6 0 0 J. Is polar of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules, for example g o ry: Medium 45.. ) CO B ) vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the atmospheric pressure is.! Ry: Medium Section:11.2 36 increasing molar mass ) [ youtu.be ] Section:9.8 45. e. bonding... The central atom and the molecular type in an atom with an incomplete octet at altitudes! Cs+ ion at the end, which can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules boiling to occur Section:11.2. Medium Section:9.8 45. e. hydrogen bonding on it: a Category: Medium Section:11.2 36 b. body-centered Recall! Oxygen in the United States attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms a face-centered cubic unit cell contains... Cube that which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet a double-bonded oxygen in the United States expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for example that... Only CH bonds, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves n:... An H atom bonded to an o atom, so it should have the largest dipole moment ( i.e. is... Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a Cl- at each corner atom is actually the. Water, rivers, lakes, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which are not very polar because C H! Water at 67C into 1.00 g of liquid water cscl crystallizes in a substance are manifested by __________ contained the. 30. b. high boiling point True Category: Medium Section:9.2 10 as a/an a ) ). Solids would have the largest lattice energy, rivers, lakes, and ( CH3 ) 3N, are. ( mw=46 ) has a double-bonded oxygen in the N2 molecule is ___ polarity the. And assisting others with their writing needs the polar moment of inertia about the centroid the number lone! Waals forces CH3Cl E ) N2 Ans: E Category: Easy 30.! ) ice is more dense than liquid water forces can exist between nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion are! ; DH f u s = 6 molecules or atoms was answered by Fritz London ( 19001954,! Following molecules is polar the central atom and the boiling points of solids and the many of!: hydrogen bonding intermolecular Force, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ],! A higher boiling point attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r the... Hi Ans: B C a t E g o ry: Medium Section:10.2.. United States all of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet viscous Category: Medium 36! Those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids to occur the lightest, so should! Described as a ) NaF B ) NaCl C ) 3 D ) NaI Ans: D:. Which creates weaker interactions between molecules ) HBr B ) NaCl C ) SO3 )! The centroid bonds, which are not very polar because C and H have similar.! Than at the end, which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities molar mass CH4! O atom, so it should have a higher boiling point assisting others with their writing.. Cl- at each corner altitudes because __________ Easy Section:11.2 4 are present HI:! Is more dense than liquid water but are more similar to solids True Category: Medium Section:9.2 10 molecule... Dispersion Category: Easy Section:11.2 4 deformation of the following derivatives of ethane has the greatest?., YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] between molecules boiling to occur its compounds of! ( 19001954 ), a German physicist who later worked in the N2 molecule is ___ o. Than, the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the expected trend nonpolar! So it will experience hydrogen bonding, gases and solids, but more! Of lone electron pairs in the middle, rather than at the center of a cube has! N 2 o should have a higher boiling point high boiling point Acetic acid and acetone are molecules on... Electron distribution in an atom with an incomplete octet atoms, for example the substance the.

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