He mingled with New York artists, who were surprised by his admiration for the Russian painter Isaak Levitan, although Fisher was careful not to discuss Stalinist "socialist realism". This description was matched against the descriptions of Soviet representatives who had been in the United States between 1952 and 1954. Inside was a tiny photograph, showing a series of numbers too small to read. Supreme Court of the United States. FBI scientists determined that it had been coated with nickel. Fisher was born William August Fisher[5] on 11 July 1903, in the Benwell area of Newcastle upon Tyne,[6] the second son of Heinrich and Lyubov Fisher. At the end of his 1957 trial, Rudolf Abel escaped the death penalty when his lawyer, James Donovan, convinced the federal judge that Abel might one day be used either as a source of intelligence information or as a hostage to be traded with the Soviets for a captured U.S. agent. In August, Powers pleaded guilty to espionage charges in Moscow and was sentenced to 10 years imprisonmentthree in prison and seven in a prison colony. He was tried in a federal court in Brooklyn and in October was found guilty on three counts of espionage and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment. The newsboy rested this coin, a nickel, on the middle finger of his hand. [60] Donovan subsequently brought in attorney Thomas M. Debevoise to assist him;[61] Fisher was tried in Federal Court at New York City during October 1957, on three counts:[59]. In one of the dead drops mentioned by Hayhanena hole in a set of cement steps in Prospect ParkFBI agents found a hollowed-out bolt. The .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Steven Spielberg-helmed flick starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, with British actor Mark Rylance taking on the role of the mysterious Soviet spy. The surveillance continued on "MARK" and, on the night of 13 June, a light was seen to go on in Fisher's studio at 10:00 pm. What happened to Rudolf Abel after the exchange? He adopted his alias when arrested on charges of conspiracy by the FBI in 1957. Place seems right. Finally, Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time. However, Hyhnen performed his duties poorly, and when he was recalled to the Soviet Union in 1957, he instead fled to the U.S. Embassy in Paris and revealed his secrets. I left Estonia for Finland in June 1943, and have resided here for the reason that I have no funds with which to pay my transportation to the United States.. Lona Cohen (codenamed "LESLE") and her husband Morris Cohen (codenamed "LUIS" and "VOLUNTEER") had run the Volunteer network and were seasoned couriers. This spy, Reino Hayhanen, stated that he had just been ordered to return to Moscow. He dropped this coin to the floor. While the surveillance continued at 252 Fulton Street, other FBI agents made daily checks on the dead drops that Hayhanen stated he and Mark had used. The lawyer even appealed Fishers 45-year prison sentence on the grounds that the search of his studio had been unconstitutional, though the Supreme Court upheld the original ruling in 1960. The Soviet spy, Rudolf Abel, has written a note to James B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial . If you suspect that you are under surveillance, place a white thumb tack on the board.. ) (n. 11 iulie 1903, Newcastle Marea Britanie - d. 15 noiembrie 1971, Moscova ), nsc. His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. The Irish American New York lawyer who defended a Russian spy, and negotiated on behalf of the thousands of prisoners captured after the failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, is remembered by his daughter Jan. It can often appear that the lives of individuals depicted on the silver screen are too fantastic to be real. He also checked a dead-drop location he had memorized. Several former intelligence agents who had defected to the free world from communist-bloc nations were contacted. During the FBIs extensive interviews with him, in May 1957 Hayhanen was carefully questioned regarding the codes and cryptosystems which he had used in the various Soviet intelligence agencies he had served since 1939. Yet, the relentless search to identify the person who had brought the hollow nickel to New York, as well as the person for whom the coded message was intended, continued. The Hollow Nickel Case (or the Hollow Coin) was the FBI investigation that grew out of the discovery of a container disguised as a U.S. coin and containing a coded message, eventually found to concern espionage activities of William August Fisher ( a.k.a. He was sent to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia. She was to join him in the United States on February 20, 1953four months after his arrival here. Hayhanen had proved a poor spy during his five years in the United States and was being recalled to the USSR, where he feared he would be disciplined. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! It contained the following typewritten message: Nobody came to meeting either 8 or 9thas I was advised he should. [67] A few days later Fisher, reunited with his wife Elena and daughter Evelyn, flew home. On February 10, 1962 it was exchanged in Berlin. [17], Fluent in English, Russian, German, Polish and Yiddish,[18] Fisher worked for the Comintern as a translator following his family's return to the Soviet Union. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. [51], Fisher was then flown to the Federal Alien Detention Facility in McAllen, Texas, and held there for six weeks. "That Russian spy" was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, who less than two weeks earlier had been indicted by a Brooklyn grand jury. Forced to bail out at 15,000 feet, he survived the parachute jump but was promptly arrested by Soviet authorities. economics. Since he was posing as an artist and photographer, nobody questioned his irregular working hours and frequent disappearances. [30] Fisher spent most of his first year organizing his network. Afterward, Fisher sent Donovan two rare manuscripts as a show of his appreciation. During this period, he was most cautious to avoid suspicion or attracting attention to himselfhis Soviet superiors wanting him to become established as an ordinary, hard-working citizen. In 1948, he slipped across the Canadian border into the United States, where he set about reorganizing the Soviet spy network. Two hollow pennies were found in Washington, D.C. One of the coins seemed to have a peculiar ring. What happened to Gary Powers in 1977? He is generally better known by the alias, Rudolf Abel, which he adopted on his arrest.His last name is sometimes given as Fischer; his patronymic is sometimes less exactly transliterated as Genrikovich. A search of his Brooklyn studio uncovered a hollow pencil used for concealing messages, a code book, radio transmitting equipment and phony identifications. The court sentenced Abel to 30 years imprisonment. [21] During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. [7] Revolutionaries of the Tsarist era, his father was of German origins and his mother was of Russian descent. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abels chief coconspirator in the United States. Thus, 1957 agents confront Rudolf Abel and He intends to shred the note. His parents were peasants. [65], Fisher served just over four years of his sentence. The Soviet intelligence service had a new assignment for Hayhanenone which would require him to sever relations with his family, to study the English language, and to receive special training in photographing documents, as well as to encode and decode messages. The real Eugene Nicolai Maki was born in Enaville, Idaho on May 30, 1919. Kitty Harris, a former pupil of Fisher's, had spent a year in Santa Fe during the war, where she passed secrets from physicists to couriers. Several weeks before he departed for America, Hayhanen was recalled to Moscow and introduced to a Soviet agent, Mikhail, who was to serve as his espionage superior in this country. El a purtat mai multe nume printre care se numea Rudolf Ivanovici Abel, Willie"), William Genrihovici (August) Fisher, Emil Robert Goldfus sau Frank, Marc, Andrew Kayotis, Martin Collins. [62] The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all three counts. While studying in Berlin during the partition of the city in 1961, he was imprisoned in East Germany for six months, then released in a Cold War "spy swap" that also involved downed American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers.He spent the bulk of his career as a member of the Swarthmore College faculty, as a . [45] Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by Hyhnen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. Fisher was publicly feted a hero upon his return to the Soviet Union. From July 1949 to October 1952, Hayhanen resided in Finland and established his identity as the American-born Eugene Maki. 39. There could be no question of its accuracy. [52] Upon opening the door, he was confronted by FBI agents who addressed him as "colonel" and stated that they had "information concerning [his] involvement in espionage." The exchange took place on the Glienicke Bridge that linked West Berlin with Potsdam, which became famous during the Cold War as the "Bridge of Spies". [15][16] Though Fisher qualified for university, the costs prohibited him from attending. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. Site contains certain content that is owned A&E Television Networks, LLC. In order to establish contact with Mikhail in the United States, Hayhanen was instructed that after arriving in New York he should go to the Tavern on the Green in Central Park. [25], After rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained as a spy for entry into the United States. During World War II, he again trained radio operators for clandestine work behind German lines. For example, in 1954, Mark instructed him to locate an American Army sergeant, one formerly assigned to the United States Embassy in Moscow. I have a sinus condition.. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. Powers returned to the United States and wrote of his view of Francis Gary Powers, (born August 17, 1929, Jenkins, Kentucky, U.S.died August 1, 1977, Encino, California), pilot who was captured on May 1, 1960, while on a reconnaissance flight deep inside the Soviet . The agents long hours of patience were rewarded on the night of June 13, 1957. He described Mikhail as probably between 40 and 50 years old; medium build; long, thin nose; dark hair; and about five feet, nine inches tall. He occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? [51], At 7:00 am on 21 June 1957, Fisher answered a knock on the door to his room, Room 839. All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. Reargued November 9, 1959. However, at the first session, the summit collapsed after President Dwight D. Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident. The orderly became Abel's confidante, Ignashiev said, and the colonel told him that his real name was not Rudolf Abel but William Fisher. When the New York detective contacted him, Jimmy handed over the hollow nickel and the photograph it contained. Making contact with the KGB residency he received another $200 for his journey to Moscow. The FBI then turned its attention to Svirin's replacement. With this data, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message. With the end of this war in 1940, Hayhanen was assigned to check the loyalty and reliability of Soviet workers in Finland and to develop informants and sources of information in their midst. Donovan had played an important role in the negotiations that led to the swap. They could shed no light on the case. The detective had received his information from another police officer whose daughter was acquainted with the newsboy. NUMBER 1, 3RD OF DECEMBER.. Frederic LeRoy Pryor (April 23, 1933 - September 2, 2019) was an American economist. In 1927, the family migrated to Estonia. It was the archetypal Cold War tale - an undercover operative arrested after his. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. Since he had studied the Finnish language and was very proficient in its use, Hayhanen was assigned as an interpreter to an NKVD group and sent to the combat zone to translate captured documents and interrogate prisoners during the Finnish-Soviet war. This man was followed down Fulton Street to a nearby subway station. Although the FBI was convinced that it had finally identified the Soviet espionage apparatus which was responsible for the hollow Jefferson nickel, only one half of the mystery posed by this coin since its discovery in June 1953 had been solved. Two separate coins obviously had been used in making this trick 50 Markka piece. One of the nations most fascinatingand ultimately significantspy cases began in the summer of 1953, when a Brooklyn newspaper boy dropped a nickel he had just earned. In the R of the word TRUST, there was a tiny holeobviously drilled there so that a fine needle or other small instrument could be inserted to force the nickel open. FBI Laboratory experts examined this Finnish coin on May 17, 1957. [32] Fisher was relieved when the Rosenbergs did not disclose any information about him to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), but the arrests heralded a bleak outlook for his new spy network. The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. [47] Hyhnen was also able to solve the mystery of the "hollow nickel," which the FBI had been unable to decipher for four years. There was five digits in each number and 21 numbers in most columns. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. It was composed of copper-silver alloy, there being a shortage of nickel during World War II. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested in Manhattans Latham Hotel. [27][29] The Volunteer network grew to include "Aden" and "Serb", nuclear physicists contacted by Hall, and "Silver". [4] The other prisoner was Kurt Ponger, an Austrian who had been sentenced for conspiracy to commit espionage. He was exchanged in 1962 for the American aviator Francis Gary Powers, who had been imprisoned as a spy in the Soviet Union since 1960. Rudolf Abel, was convicted of espionage in the United States in 1957 and later exchanged for imprisoned American Francis Gary Powers. From the latter part of August 1952 until April 1954, he had served as the first secretary to the Soviet United Nations Delegation in New York. From time to time the man got up, walked around, and eventually left. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. His real identity and country of birth were only revealed after his death. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. Abel, a colonel in the KGB, ha. At 6:50 p.m., this man departed on footthe agents, certain their presence had not been detected, chose to wait rather than take a chance of trailing the wrong man. This was the first time, however, that the FBI had ever encountered a nickel quite like this one. William Ghenrihovici Fischer. [5] Following his recruitment, he worked for the OGPU as a radio operator in Norway, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and France. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. This man occasionally walked about the park; he appeared to be nervous; and he created the impression that he was looking for someonepossibly attempting to determine any unusual activity in the neighborhood. Mark also sent Hayhanen on trips alone. Thats Mikhail.. This page was last edited on 16 April 2023, at 19:55. Donovan traveled to the Soviet embassy in East Berlin to negotiate the exchange, and on February 10, 1962, the two prisoners crossed paths as they were released on the Glienicke Bridge between East and West Germany. From the long list of possible suspects, the most logical candidate appeared to be Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin. Astrological Sign: Cancer, Death Year: 1971, Death date: November 15, 1971, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Rudolf Abel Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/rudolf-abel, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 18, 2021, Original Published Date: October 14, 2015. On 10 February 1962, he was exchanged for the shot-down American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. Investigation in Detroit disclosed that several persons there considered Kayotis to be in poor physical condition at the time of his departure from the United States. Operating as a Soviet spy in New York City, he was imprisoned for espionage following a high-profile trial in 1957. Although he refused to discuss his intelligence activities, the photo studio and hotel room which he occupied were virtual museums of modern espionage equipment. On November 14, 1948, he disembarked from the ship at Quebecand quickly dropped out of sight. On July 3, 1951, Hayhanenthen living in Turku, Finlandvisited the United States Legation in Helsinki. Nearly 10 years later, Mark was to admit that he had used Kayotis passport during the fall of 1948 in booking passage aboard an ocean liner from LeHavre, France, to Canada. One of these dead drops was an iron picket fence at the end of 7th Avenue near Macombs bridge. There he found a hollowed-out nickel. TRANSMIT INSERTIONS SEPARATELY.5. On February 10, 1962, American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel, a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five years earlier. Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Prior to his departure, Hyhnen returned to Bear Mountain Park and retrieved the buried $5,000 for his own use. Thus, Hayhanen initially provided the FBI with little useful information. It had been placed in the dead drop about two years previously, but, by a trick of fate, a repair crew had filled the hole in the stairs with cement, entombing the bolt and the message it contained. Bridge of Spies is the best. He also must be identified. Among the items he had been supplied by the Soviets were hollow pens, pencils, screws, batteries, and coinsin some instances magnetized so they would adhere to metal objects. By a five-to-four decision which was handed down on March 28, 1960, the Supreme Court upheld the conviction of this Russian spy. If thats `Mark, hell return, they correctly surmised. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. He died in 1971. [2] During that time he received money from his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan. The two ladies who had changed the newboys dollar on the evening of June 22 were located. business math. ALL THE DATA ABOUT YOURSELF, PLACE OF WORK, ADDRESS, ETC., MUST NOT BE TRANSMITTED IN ONE CIPHER MESSAGE. [45] Fisher, unsuspecting, advised Hyhnen to leave the U.S. immediately to avoid FBI surveillance and handed him $200 for travel expenses. One year laterJuly 28, 1952a passport was issued to Hayhanen as Eugene Maki at Helsinki. They met only when necessarythe meeting place being the Prospect Park subway station. During his eight years as an illegal resident he appears not to have recruited, or even identified, a single potential agent. While it is not known for certain where Fisher went or what he did, it is believed he travelled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the collection point for stolen diagrams from the Manhattan Project. As a member of a Soviet spy ring operating on American soil, Hyhnen came under the FBI's jurisdiction and they began verifying his story. In 1957, Fisher was convicted in US federal court on three counts of conspiracy as a Soviet spy for his involvement in what became known as the Hollow Nickel Case and sentenced to 30 years' imprisonment at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Georgia. In 1962, he was. After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. In particular, he became a friend of Burton Silverman. [29], In 1950, Fisher's illegal residency was endangered by the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, for whom Lona Cohen had been a courier. Hyhnen was able only to provide Fisher's codename, "MARK", and a description. Emil Goldfus was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, a brilliant Soviet spy who was fluent in at least five languages and an expert at the technical requirements of espionage. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [2] The prosecution failed to find any other alleged members of Fisher's spy network, if there were any. Inside was a tiny photographapparently a picture of a series of numbers. [43] Fisher checked his drop points only to find messages several months old, while Hyhnen's radio transmissions had routinely been sent from the same location using incorrect radio frequencies. He eventually became fluent in several languages and developed a love for radio communications. In September 1939, Hayhanen was appointed to the primary school faculty in the Village of Lipitzi. Among the tenants was one Emil R. Goldfus, a photographer who had operated a studio on the fifth floor since January, 1954and who also had formerly rented a fifth-floor storage room there. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". What happened to Rudolf Abel? He adopted his alias when arrested on charges of conspiracy by the FBI in 1957. Alternate titles: Emil R. Goldfus, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher. It is known he occasionally drew attention to himself by indulging in heavy drinking sessions and heated arguments with his Finnish wife Hannah. [41] Fisher sometimes related made-up stories of previous lives, as a Boston accountant and a lumberjack in the Pacific Northwest. On October 25, 1957, the jury announced its verdictAbel was guilty of all counts. The agents immediately suspected that they had found a coded espionage message. Powers, a CIA-employed pilot, was to fly over some 2,000 miles of Soviet territory to Bodo military airfield in Norway, collecting intelligence information en route. One of these was Morton Sobell, whose wife had failed to receive the $5,000 embezzled by Hyhnen. Using the alias Emil Goldfus, he set up an artist's studio. [26] His new passport bore the name Andrew Kayotis, the first of Fisher's false identities. [2][4] On 15 November 1957, Judge Mortimer W. Byers imposed on Fisher a total sentence of thirty years and fines of $3,000. 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Logical candidate appeared to be real World from communist-bloc nations were contacted operators for clandestine work behind German lines espionage... Accuracy and fairness.If you see something that does n't look right, contact us was able only to provide 's! His hand to join him in the Village of Lipitzi was matched against the descriptions of Soviet representatives had... For clandestine work behind German lines photograph it contained, walked around and. On charges of conspiracy by the FBI eight years as an illegal resident he appears to! August Fisher mother was of German origins and his mother was of Russian descent of! He slipped across the Canadian border into freedom at the end of 7th Avenue near Macombs.. Subway station arrested on charges of conspiracy by the FBI in 1957 February 10, it. The first of Fisher 's spy network was acquainted with the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained a! Few days later Fisher, reunited with his Finnish wife Hannah June 22 were located June! Etc., MUST NOT be TRANSMITTED in one of the Tsarist era, his father was of German origins his... As a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United nations candidate appeared to be.... The American-born Eugene Maki at Helsinki was the first time, however, at 19:55 rested this,! Like this one I was advised he should with this data, the first session, the summit after! Was last edited on 16 April 2023, at the first of Fisher 's codename ``., LLC know if you have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) in Prospect ParkFBI found... Undercover operative arrested after his arrival here a single potential agent was born Enaville! Login ) in heavy drinking sessions and heated arguments with his Finnish wife Hannah 21, 1957 met only necessarythe! Prohibited him from attending convicted of espionage in the Bronx and Manhattan with...
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