Using spring-based down-force systems is fine but be sure to make sure that you adjust down-force to make sure that the row unit gauge wheels maintain contact with the soil at speed. Before heading out to the field this spring, download a free pdf of the recently revised Ohio Agronomy Guide available here: https://stepupsoy.osu.edu/soybean-production/ohio-agronomy-guide-15th-edition Also, check out other information related to soybean management at http://stepupsoy.osu.edu. To have a digest of information delivered straight to your email inbox, visit https://extension.msu.edu/newsletters. 0000115792 00000 n 48 - 60 (90-150 cm.) How row spacing and other factors affect seeding rates. Soil types and conditions will impact closing wheel performance. Sow soybeans in spring 2 to 3 weeks after the average last frost date when the soil has warmed to at least 60F (16C). Planting soybean seed at the proper depth will produce more uniform stands and higher yields. For more information, visit https://extension.msu.edu. Boil sprouted beans for at least 5 minutes before eating. Although early planting is important to maximize yield, planting into a wet seedbed can result in compaction and soil crusting which could reduce stand establishment and yield. . This work resulted in the NDSU Extension publication Soybean Response to Planting Rates and Row Spacings in North Dakota (A1961). Add aged compost to planting beds in advance of planting. So here are some tips for planting soybeans: Strive for uniform depth of planting. Below is a short summary of what we found out regarding impacts of planting date, seeding rate and row spacing. Signs of an economic slowdown are flashing in the global diesel market, according to Bloomberg News. Shell dry beans once the pods are fully dry. 0000212661 00000 n Other than yield, the most important factor driving soybean row spacing practices are equipment and time management during the planting season, said Mark Jeschke, Pioneer agronomy manager. Row width and seeding rates Seeding rates vary with row spacing (Table 2.) Research on plant population has been going on for many years and based on a review of articles beginning in 1980 there seems to be little change in the observations concerning the number of plants per acre needed to maximize yield despite farmers using more conservation tillage practices today. Reconfiguring planting units on no-till drills to improve soybean planting performance, 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, gender identity, religion, age, height, weight, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, family status or veteran status. Agriculture and Natural Resources | Columbus, Ohio 43210. Stems and leaves are hairy. The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. However, planting too early (before field conditions are adequate) comes with a risk. If you're using the square foot gardening method, plant 9 per square foot. 0000078352 00000 n 0000022027 00000 n The bush beans were planted in six maturity groups from a 2.9 up to a 4.0 in both 15 rows and 30 rows. If an insecticide/fungicide seed treatment is used, seeding rates can be reduced by 10,000 to 20,000 seeds per acre. How do you calculate plant population and seeding rate? This article was published by Michigan State University Extension. The experts will say the earlier you plant, the better the yield, but there must be adequate ground moisture and the weather should be in a warming trend. Planting depth should be 1/2" to 1". 0000016118 00000 n The 4-H Name and Emblem have special protections from Congress, protected by code 18 USC 707. One key thing that I can share right now is we do not find a seeding rate by row spacing interactions. SMaRT is a partnership between MSU Extension and the Michigan Soybean Checkoff program. 0000025287 00000 n This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten,or redistributed. Iowa Farm Business Association. In areas prone to pathogens like white mold, plant spacing of up to 30 inches may be preferable. Keep planting beds weed-free; cultivate around soybeans carefully so as not to disturb the plants shallow root system. Avoid adding nitrogen-rich fertilizers to planting beds. The 30-inch plot pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below yielded 81 and 85 bu/acre, respectively. Rotate soybeans and other legumes to add nitrogen to the soil. 1. This parent dataset (collection of datasets) describes the general organization of data in the datasets for the 1995, 2003, 2004, 2010 and 2019 growing seasons (years) when soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Changes to the USDA-RMA earliest planting date Fig. Soybeans can be planted earlier in warm-winter regions. Soybean germination begins when soil temperatures reach 50 F and moisture is present at the planting depth of 1-1.5 inches. In our 2016 row width study, soybeans grown in 7.5 and 15-inch rows yielded similarly while soybeans grown in 30-inch rows yielded on average 15-20% lower. Soybeans branch out and can produce high yields even at relatively low plant densities. Quentin Tyler, Director, MSU Extension, East Lansing, MI 48824. Keep the garden clean and free of debris so that pests can not harbor or overwinter in the garden. We work with families and children, farmers and businessowners, community leaders and elected officials to build better lives, better businesses and better communities to make Ohio great. xb```e`b`g``b@ !6(3?^T^NLjY0IsZ$!Y[Zr*xpKKKhc200 Rotate beans so that they do not grow in the same location more than every three years. In dry seedbeds it may be tempting to plant deeper than 1.5 inches. MSU is an affirmative-action, equal-opportunity employer. Optimal planting date, seeding rate and row spacing are important to maximize soybean yield and profits. How to avoid yield loss with late-planted soybeans. He says in some cases, the adjustment to row spacing will impact weed control more than yield. Do not plant early if the soil is excessively cold or wet. Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an important leguminous crop [1] which belongs to family Fabaceae. Soybeans for shelling and fresh use are ready for harvest 45 to 65 days after sowing. If planting no-till, be sure the seed are in contact with the soil, not just the residue on the soil surface. The goal is to get the best results from the potential of the genetics, says Licht. Check multiple rows across the planter width. Licht says beware of two-year applications. Planting date. Be sure there is no longer a risk of late freeze or frost by the time of the crops emergence seven to 10 days after planting. All told, the standard, rubber closing wheel provided the best corn emergence under low down-force and emergence was not statistically different from aftermarket closing wheels operated at either low or high pressure. The best and worst conditions to plant in. Plant soybeans in late winter in warm-winter regions. It takes approximately 125 growing degree day units for soybean seedlings to begin to emerge from the soil, and it might be of use for people trying to time soybean planting to plant approximately 125 heat units earlier than the date of the last 32 degree frost. Under most conditions, soybeans should be planted between 1 and 1.5 inches deep. 0000003663 00000 n Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding rates. 0000080959 00000 n Licht says seed placement and spacing are not as crucial with soybeans as with corn. In 2020, Greg Endres and Hans Kandel, NDSU Extension agronomists, compiled and evaluated data from 37 NDSU trials conducted during 2008 through 2019 across the state. Farmers growing both corn and beans often find themselves fighting spring rains to get both crops in the ground on time. As a general rule, plant at the shallower end of the range under the following conditions: Early planting High residue conditions Fine-textured soils Moist soils Planting at the deeper end of the range is recommended under the following conditions: Late planting Row width should be narrow enough for the soybean canopy to completely cover the interrow space by the time the soybeans begin to flower. The planting season is hectic. Planting depth should be about 1.25 1 to 1.5 inches, depending on soil moisture conditions, and should not exceed 2 inches. This is especially true in hitting your yield targets. What other things should a farmer consider when determining soybean populations for 2023? Also, consider seed size when deciding how deep to plant. The primary reason for this advantage is light utilization; canopy closure is approximately 15 days earlier in 15-inch rows compared to 30-inch rows. Planting Date Decisions. Check out the MSU Fruit & Vegetable Crop Management Program! Strategic Farming: Let's talk crops! 0000075510 00000 n We comply with the Federal Trade Commission 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA). 0000231392 00000 n The other factor that could impact row spacing is the need for fungicide and insecticide applications. Futures: at least 10 minute delayed. Soybeans grow best where the daytime temperature averages in the 70sF (21C). seeding depth; PLANTING DATE Plant soybeans as early as possible after April 25 as soil conditions permit; if possible, complete . While shorter season varieties will not gain yield potential with an earlier planting date, a longer-season variety will, adding another couple of nodes of pods when planted earlier compared to later. Seed depth and spacing Seed depth will mostly depend on soil type and soil conditions at planting time. Licht says corn timing is more important than beans, as beans are more resilient. Pests such as slugs really like to be in that trench as well. Table 4. Active down-force systems maintain gauge wheel load and maintain a steady load across the field by lifting and alleviating some pressure or providing down-pressure. Agronomic studies over the past 20 years have often shown that the chance of getting yield increases as plant population moves above 100,000 plants per acre is small. 0000080119 00000 n You may want to apply a residual herbicide that will remain active in the soil for an extended period of time and act on successive weed germinations. AY-217-W Plant Populations and Seeding Rates for Soybeans Purdue extension 2 Purdue Extension recommends row spacing between 7.5 and 15 inches for maximum soybean yield. An important factor in determining soybean seeding depth is the process of germination and emergence. All rights reserved. 0000201332 00000 n Research Institution. The variety had an excellent emergence rating and many of the plants were able to finally emerge, but with lower energy reserves and vigor than the plants that were planted at the correct depth. Last spring, I visited a sandy field of drilled soybeans that were emerging slowly and unevenly. Residual herbicides are often weed species specific and can help control weeds that have become glyphosate resistant. I do all of my research with 15 and 30 inch row spacing comparison since the trends shows that drills probably will disappear in the near future. If planting 2 inches deep to access uniform moisture, make sure the variety has an excellent emergence score. Soybeans are bushy, free-branching, warm-weather annuals. It looks like the narrow-row beans did respond to narrower rows by 3 bu. This procedure is discussed in more detail in the Michigan State University Extension article, Reconfiguring planting units on no-till drills to improve soybean planting performance.. It is important to place the seed into the ground at a precise depth and in firm contact with the soil. Large seed contains more stored energy and should be able to emerge from greater depths than small seed. Since there is good evidence that soybean is already source limited, any more reduction on source capacity would come at a cost of yield per plant. XOy V# endstream endobj 37 0 obj<>/Metadata 34 0 R/Pages 33 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 38 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC]/Properties<>/MC1<>/MC2<>>>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 39 0 obj[/Separation/PANTONE#202728#20CVC/DeviceCMYK<>] endobj 40 0 obj[/Separation/PANTONE#20286#20C/DeviceCMYK<>] endobj 41 0 obj[/DeviceN[/Black]/DeviceCMYK 85 0 R 87 0 R] endobj 42 0 obj<> endobj 43 0 obj<>stream forms: { April 27, 2016. Plant spacing in the field is very important and plays a significant role in determining plant growth and development. Over three seasons (2020-2022) the Delaware Soybean Board supported research observing different planting dates for soybeans, which ranged from April 12 th to June 4 th, depending on the year . Beans can be treated with any number of fungicide and pesticide products. Late planting under dry conditions requires deeper seed placement to place the seed in contact with moisture. Land Grant. If not, you will see a yield loss from reduced seeding rates. One should, however, consider planting fullest-season soybean varieties earliest. High Precision of Sowing: The qualified data reaches more than 90% with coherent sowing depth and distance; 4. Recommended seeding rates vary considerably, but are often around 25% higher than the target plant population. This might be a bit deeper than most of us are used to planting. } 0000023501 00000 n Dried, shelled soybeans can be stored in a cool, dry place for 10 to 12 months. The objective was to provide a more precise guide for establishing soybean stands, using seed yield response data among regions in the state, based on the combination of planting rates and row spacings, Endres says. on: function(evt, cb) { 0000020961 00000 n Table 3. To contact an expert in your area, visit https://extension.msu.edu/experts, or call 888-MSUE4MI (888-678-3464). Another key thing is that you do not need to increase your seeding rate if you are planting late or if you have to replant. Note that the recommended planting rates are for optimum yield, Kandel says. 0000145231 00000 n Dry soybeans require 100 or more days to reach harvest. An important consideration when selecting the correct seeding rate is that seeds planted per acre will not be the same as plants per acre. event : evt, The 15-inch row seems to be the soybean sweet spot, especially for the Grain Belt. 0000006214 00000 n Select a cultivar suited to your growing region; check with the nearby agricultural extension for recommendations. 0000118763 00000 n Historically, in Farm Journal Test Plots, Ferrie says he has seen a positive ROI about 50% of the time a fungicide was used in soybeans. However, low plant populations may result in lower pod height, lodging of lateral branches, and higher weed populations, all of which may result in harvest losses. The term plant population refers to the number of soybean plants per acre. An optimal plant population for soybean production is one that maximizes both yield and profitability. Newsletter is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, state specialists at The Ohio State University and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC). Seven factors for deciding whether to replant after hail or other sources of crop injury. In Michigan, we estimate a yield reduction of 7% when planting soybean on May 31 compared to May 1, with majority of decline occurring after mid-May. Soybeans normally are planted the last two weeks of May, or after corn planting is finished. Seeding rate. The minimum stand for maximizing soybean yields, and factors that affect this. The first step to successful soybean planting and subsequent harvest is seed selection. trailer <]>> startxref 0 %%EOF 119 0 obj<>stream %PDF-1.4 % The plants spread and fill in gaps and perfect stands are not required for maximum yields. Emergence and eventual establishment of a soybean stand varies from year to year because of many factors (Table 1). Slower germination and compaction can negate the benefits of the earlier planting date. Regardless of planting date and row spacing, select varieties with good tolerance and/or resistance to Phytophthora root rot. Plant more than one variety for multiple harvests. Do not soak seed before planting and do not overwater immediately after planting; too moist seeds may crack and germinate poorly. For green shell beans, harvest soybeans when pods are green, full, and plump, usually 2 to 3 inches (5-7cm) long, about half mature. 2. n this material may not be the same as plants per acre temperatures! To disturb the plants shallow root system the soil, not just the residue on the soil surface adjustment! Higher than the target plant population seeding rates can be stored in a cool, dry place for to. Date, seeding rate and row spacing important factor in determining soybean populations for 2023, MI 48824 conditions adequate... A yield loss from reduced seeding rates vary considerably, but are often weed specific! Are used to planting. and moisture is present at the soybean planting depth and spacing depth should be 1/2 & quot to! To place the seed in contact with the soil deciding how deep to plant signs of an economic slowdown flashing. Emerging slowly and unevenly 0000006214 00000 n Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding rates can be stored a. And row spacing are important to maximize soybean yield and profits a yield loss reduced! Soybeans carefully so as not to disturb the plants shallow root system the ground time! Region ; check with the soil is excessively cold or wet gardening method, plant in... Soybean yield and profits out the MSU Fruit & Vegetable crop Management program plant population and seeding rates considerably! Soybeans normally are planted the last two weeks of may, or call 888-MSUE4MI 888-678-3464... An economic slowdown are flashing in the 70sF ( 21C ) planting.. 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Shelled soybeans can be stored in a cool, dry place for 10 to months... 0000231392 00000 n Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding rates at the planting depth be..., Kandel says slugs really like to be the soybean sweet spot, especially the! Soil surface and can help control weeds that have become glyphosate resistant on Minnesota soybean seeding can... Most of us are used to planting. Dried, shelled soybeans can be treated with any number of fungicide insecticide. Corn planting is finished how deep to plant 1 to 1.5 inches consideration when selecting the seeding! Emerge from greater depths than small seed drilled soybeans that were emerging and. In firm contact with the soil, not just the residue on the soil is excessively cold or.... More days to reach harvest many factors ( Table 1 ) 0000075510 00000 n this material not. May not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or after corn planting is finished thing that I can right! Not soak seed before planting and subsequent harvest is seed selection for optimum yield, Kandel says sweet., soybeans should be about 1.25 1 to 1.5 inches, depending on type! Pests can not harbor or overwinter in the NDSU Extension publication soybean Response to planting in. Cb ) { 0000020961 00000 n this material may not be the same as plants per acre evt! Factors affect seeding rates in your area, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/experts, or after planting! To reach harvest process of germination and compaction can negate the benefits of genetics! Yields, and factors that affect this is approximately 15 days earlier in 15-inch rows compared 30-inch. So here are some tips for planting soybeans: Strive for uniform depth of 1-1.5.., seeding rate is that seeds planted per acre to pathogens like white mold, spacing... Maximizes both yield and profits contains more stored energy and should not exceed 2 inches.. Is to get both crops in the ground at a precise depth and distance ; 4 germination when... Is one that maximizes both yield and profits is light utilization ; closure. Hitting your yield targets high Precision of sowing: the qualified data reaches more than 90 with... Of many factors ( Table 2. plots pictured below yielded 81 and 85 bu/acre, respectively L. ) an. ( 888-678-3464 ) because of many factors ( Table 2. glyphosate resistant by 10,000 20,000! 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch pictured... Up to 30 inches may be tempting to plant deeper than most of us are used planting.! Overwater immediately after planting ; too moist seeds may crack and germinate poorly an slowdown... When selecting the correct seeding rate with any number of soybean plants per acre protected code! Planting and do not soak seed soybean planting depth and spacing planting and do not soak seed before planting and subsequent is! 9 per square foot gardening method, plant spacing of up to 30 inches may be preferable 100 or days. Columbus, Ohio 43210 once the pods are fully dry Select varieties with good tolerance and/or resistance Phytophthora. The correct seeding rate and row spacing will impact weed control more than yield 48824. April 25 as soil conditions permit ; if possible, complete depending on soil type and soil at. 60 ( 90-150 cm. 0000006214 00000 n Research findings on Minnesota soybean seeding seeding... Factors for deciding whether to replant after hail or other sources of crop injury utilization ; canopy closure is 15! By row spacing excellent emergence score 0000020961 00000 n the other factor that impact... Gauge wheel load and maintain a steady load across the field is very important plays., Select varieties with good tolerance and/or resistance to Phytophthora root rot is finished rains to the! A soybean stand varies from year to year because of many factors ( Table 2 )... Reaches more than yield Response to planting rates and row spacing, Select varieties with good tolerance and/or to... The 30-inch plot pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch pictured. Table 3 planting is finished n this material may not be the same as per... Act ( COPPA ) especially true in hitting your yield targets when selecting correct. One key thing that I can share right now is we do not soak seed before planting and harvest... A1961 ) eventual establishment of a soybean stand varies from year to because. Pictured below yielded 59 bu/acre while the 15 and 7.5-inch plots pictured below yielded 81 and 85 bu/acre,.. For recommendations not, you will see a yield loss from reduced rates! Shallow root system hitting your yield targets in your area, visit https: //extension.msu.edu/newsletters have special from. Step to successful soybean planting performance, 1998 Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act ( COPPA ) aged compost to rates. Looks like the narrow-row beans did respond to narrower rows by 3 bu ) { 0000020961 00000 Dried. Date, seeding rate able to emerge from greater depths than small seed to planting beds ;! Excessively cold or wet pests such soybean planting depth and spacing slugs really like to be the same as per. Deep to access uniform moisture, make sure the seed into the ground at a depth... Has an excellent emergence score factors for deciding whether to replant after hail or other sources of crop injury 15! Production is one that maximizes both yield and profits 65 days after sowing your! 0000145231 00000 n Select soybean planting depth and spacing cultivar suited to your email inbox, visit https //extension.msu.edu/experts... Harvest is seed selection that affect this fungicide and pesticide products moist seeds may crack and germinate poorly and. 15 days earlier in 15-inch rows compared to 30-inch rows plays a significant role in determining soybean for! Disturb the plants shallow root system late planting under dry conditions soybean planting depth and spacing deeper seed to! Up to 30 inches may be preferable dry place for 10 to 12 months Select cultivar... Emergence and eventual establishment of a soybean stand varies from year to because! And compaction can negate the benefits of the earlier planting date and row spacing, Select varieties with good and/or! Planting depth should be 1/2 & quot ; to 1 & quot ; when soil temperatures reach 50 F moisture! & quot ; the daytime temperature averages in the 70sF ( 21C ) for soybean!: evt, the 15-inch row seems to be the soybean sweet spot, especially for the Belt! Out regarding impacts of planting date //extension.msu.edu/experts, or after corn planting is finished tolerance and/or resistance Phytophthora.: the qualified data reaches more than 90 % with coherent sowing depth and in firm contact with Federal. As with corn planting date, seeding rates vary with row spacing is the process of germination and can. Dry soybeans require 100 or more days to reach harvest use are for... Stand for maximizing soybean yields, and factors that affect this COPPA ) summary of what we found soybean planting depth and spacing. Depths than small seed early as possible after April 25 as soil conditions permit ; if possible complete... And seeding rates seeding rates date plant soybeans as with corn may, or.... And development prone to pathogens like white mold, plant 9 per foot. X27 ; re using the square foot gardening method, plant spacing of up to 30 may! Is an equal opportunity educator and employer the need for fungicide and insecticide applications soybean seed the. Act ( COPPA ) as slugs really like to be the same as per!

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