Orchardgrass seed should be covered with about 1/4 to 1/2 inch of soil. seeds/lb. Orchardgrass is more tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bromegrass but will respond to limestone that is applied for a companion legume. Beyond this stage, there is little increase in yield (Table 3) and the digestibility decreases at the rate of about 0.5 percent per day (Table 4). If you have any questions regarding the inclusion of this work in the Digital Commons, please email us at In a similar study involving cow/calf pairs, calves gained 1.80 pounds per day on orchardgrass and 1.51 pounds per day on fescue. Not a subscriber? 1987. Dog 240, a multi-colored bulldog. Good results are obtained with grain drills when orchardgrass is put through the grain box and the companion legume is seeded from the small legume box. This is especially true when preparing soils with high lime requirements or when alfalfa will be in the forage mixture. Orchardgrass is found all across the US. Planting. 2 0 obj Echelon Organic $ 6.97 per lb Total (50 lbs): $ 348.50. North Missouri yields may reach 3 to 4 tons per acre due to better moisture-holding ability of soils and slightly lower temperatures. Nitrogen applied at the time of seeding, along with timely applications over the growing seasons, can greatly increase total dry matter production. A clean, firm, weed-free seedbed is recommended. 1 0 obj It is typically used as a type of grazing or forage grass in pastures but it can be a weed in turf. In the study, the carrying capacity of orchardgrass was well above bromegrass and slightly less than fescue. It is not as persistent as tall fescue. Several other varieties, such as Sterling, Potomac, Abel and Napier have produced acceptable yields in Missouri. The latest-maturing varieties were Inavale, Treposno, Lyra, and Profit the first spring, and all but Profit were late maturing the second spring. Soil should be tilled before planting and be moderate to well-drained. Timothy is responsive to N fertilization whenever the legume content in the stand is less than 30 percent. 0000011623 00000 n stream You may wait until October or November is you live in warmer climates. Nitrogen needs to be applied earlier than for hay production, as early applications form reproductive growth over leafy growth. It is less competitive in a legume mixture than most sod-forming grasses and is often grown in a legume mixture for hay. I buy locally grown orchard grass hay. 0000068572 00000 n During a three-year study in Missouri, yearling steers gained 1.75 pounds per day on orchardgrass pasture, 1.16 pounds on tall fescue and 1.84 pounds on bromegrass. 0000014776 00000 n > That means that summer productivity is less than in spring and fall. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Oregon State University | 0000075039 00000 n Same day order fulfillment for orders placed before 1 pm MDT, We NEVER store your payment methods, only your email when you sign up for our mailing list. Legumes such as alfalfa and the clovers--ladino . The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Irish oats are typically used as cover crops, but Italian ryegrass is preferred. A failure may occur due to drought and hot conditions before establishment if seeded after the spring moisture period is well advanced. Delaying grazing will reduce timothy's stored energy reserves and ultimately reduce its persistence. The intermediate to late heading varieties in HLR are ideal for planting with alfalfa. This keeps the orchard grass far longer in a vegetative state. Orchardgrass requires careful management to ensure that it is harvested promptly. Split applications of 100-150 lb N per acre annually will generally produce yield increases of 1 to 1.5 tons per acre. The genotypes and heading dates from the OP2 population were used to perform an association analysis. Orchardgrass produces heavy growth during April and May. Orchardgrass is adapted to the better well-drained soils and is especially well adapted for mixtures with legumes such as alfalfa or red clover (Table 1). As grass hay matures, forage quality drops rapidly. a?T700M gV1aTA:a54H4 ]ga.``w[a= L^>w.0 8Kz endstream endobj 14 0 obj<>/Metadata 11 0 R>> endobj 16 0 obj<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/ExtGState<>>>>> endobj 17 0 obj<> endobj 18 0 obj<> endobj 19 0 obj<> endobj 20 0 obj<> endobj 21 0 obj<> endobj 22 0 obj<> endobj 23 0 obj<> endobj 24 0 obj<> endobj 25 0 obj<>stream <>/Pattern<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Growing best in temperatures of 55 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit, cool season grasses go dormant when temperatures reach 90 to 95. Usually though, boot stage harvests provide a good compromise between yield and quality. . Temperatures above 80 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit will greatly reduce the growth and tillering of orchardgrass. 0000065579 00000 n It is a bunch grass that produces an open sod and produces excellent quality forage. Orchardgrass is an old reliable standby in many parts of the U.S. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. in length. A new MU variety of orchardgrass named 'Justus' has given consistently higher animal performance when compared to previously grown varieties (Table 3). HLR is a part of our Pinpoint family of products. Download Technical Bulletin: HLR Download Supplemental Flyer: F-53 HLR Orchardgrass A pasture mixture that has performed well in Pennsylvania is 8 lb of Kentucky bluegrass plus 4 lb each of smooth bromegrass and timothy and 1 lb of white clover. An example of local information is the variety testing program at the University of Kentucky. <> Heavy grazing of orchardgrass during October can decrease carbohydrate storage and lead to some winter kill of plants. At the present time, Hallmark is the most commonly grown orchardgrass variety in the state of Missouri. Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, is commonly grown with perennial forages such as alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). <>/PageLabels 168 0 R>> 0000010331 00000 n Perennial; Pounds per Acre - Alone - 1-14lbs; Pounds per Acre - Mixed - 5-8lbs; BFG SUPPLY CO 14500 Kinsman Rd. Timothy is well adapted to New York and Pennsylvania environments and soil conditions. A soil pH between 6.0-7.0 is best for timothy. 0000090531 00000 n Leaves are usually less than 12 inches in height. Eight pounds of clean, high germination seed is usually adequate to obtain good stands of orchardgrass. Scale 1-9, where 9 = best or most pronounced, You can search through the entire DLF organization, 4turf - turf tetraploid perennial ryegrass. Although some tests have shown orchardgrass and tall fescue to give similar animal performance, it is generally agreed that orchardgrass is of higher quality during spring and summer than fescue. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. The best time to seed timothy is before August 1 in northern New York, August 15 in southern New York and northern Pennsylvania, and September 1 in southern Pennsylvania. EstablishmentTake a good soil sample and follow soil test recommendations for lime and fertilizer when seeding orchardgrass or grass-legume mixtures. A firm seedbed is essential to the successful establishment of small-seeded grasses such as timothy. Production and cutting frequency are greatly affected by soil moisture, soil temperature, soil fertility, and disease incidence. Olsons rating scale is based on physiological growth stage with 45=boot stage, 50=beginning of seedhead emergence, and 58=seedhead completely emerged. In the absence of a soil test, assuming a medium-fertility soil and orchardgrass seeded alone, incorporate 0-45-135 lb per acre prior to seeding and apply 20-20-20 lb per acre (banded if possible) at seeding. Seed production is good. It is also well adapted to grow with legumes, typically. Even early March is OK, but keep in mind the seed actually needs several frosts and freezes, along with a sufficient level of moisture, to germinate. 0000037092 00000 n Adapted from V. L. Lechtenberg et. Aftermath growth can be harvested at 4-to 6-week intervals. Amendment with organic fertilizers rich in nitrogen is recommended. 8604, Development of Late-Heading Orchardgrass Germplasm, Megan Marie Getz, Utah State UniversityFollow. Forage researchers and several Missouri farmers have observed less damage to plants from summer heat and drought when the first harvest is made early and plants have time to re-grow before the stress. Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata L.) is a bunch-type, tall-growing, cool-season perennial grass. Grass planted for erosion control is seeded or drilled in late summer to early autumn but that established for forage is plantedin late winter to early spring. The best way Soil test reports should be used as a guide in determining rates of N, P2O5 and K2O to apply for desired yield goals. The goal of this AFGC-sponsored project is to develop a standard grass variety maturity rating scale, similar to the fall dormancy rating system with alfalfa. Timothy should be seeded at 8-10 lb per acre when seeded alone. Back to Articles The principal developmental phases of grass plants are vegetative, transition, and reproductive. ?=~I&+!WYV}Ltp?Q0]3" f1|\6tMHlY(75b[7]KEG# Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items. Tillers are new grass shoots, made up of successive segments called phytomers, which are composed of a growing point (apical meristem which may turn into a seed head), a stem, leaves, roots nodes, and latent buds; all of which can rise from crown tissue . Please enter your email address below to create account. It blooms and matures seed on average of 10-14 days later than commercial varieties. Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is a perennial, bunch-type, shallow-rooted, cool-season grass that is well adapted to the Northeast and Upper Midwest. 0000002604 00000 n Heavy grazing during October can lead to depleted root reserves and increased winter injury. Barlegro was always the latest maturing variety or in the latest maturing group statistically. Small grain companion crops can be used in spring seedings but should not be used in late-summer seedings. Properly managed orchardgrass plants will have a higher leaf-to-stem ratio than tall fescue. Use Esc key to go back to input search field. When seeding in combination with legumes, orchardgrass seeding rate should be reduced (Table 2). Late heading cultivars provide one potential solution. Once established, it is a very persistent species. Timothy is the most popular grass grown in New York State, with the majority of New York's hay crop acreage sown to timothy-legume mixtures. 0000062649 00000 n 0000016746 00000 n 1993 to document.write(new Date().getFullYear()) Curators of the University of Missouri, all rights reserved, DMCA and other copyright information. Forage can be grazed later in the fall when plants have become more winter hardy. Palatability, as measured by grazing preference, was higher for orchardgrass than either tall fescue, bromegrass, or bluegrass. Toll Free: 1-800-910-4101 to place an order. View all agriculture and environment programs, Continuing Education for Health Professions, Living a Healthy Life with Chronic Conditions, Agricultural Business and Policy Extension, Exceed - Regional Economic and Entrepreneurial Development, Mid-America Trade Adjustment Assistance Center, Missouri Small Business Development Centers, Missouri Procurement Technical Assistance Centers, Veterinary Extension and Continuing Education, Missouri Council for Activity and Nutrition, equal opportunity/access/affirmative action/pro-disabled and veteran employer. 0000010198 00000 n It produced high dry matter in both Tennessee and Kentucky and higher seed yields than 'Potomac' when grown in Oregon. Contact us now at (989)-846-6880/a> to order your orchardgrass and start growing it in your own pasture or landscape. Prepared by Marvin H. Hall, associate professor of agronomy. With careful management, orchardgrass can perform a host of functions while adding nutrients and tilth to soil. As mice do not travel far, the key mouse cover is the grass and weed cover crop. Click to get the print magazine. There are some varietal variations but, in general, orchardgrass matures about one week earlier than tall fescue and about two weeks before smooth bromegrass. As a general rule, you can cut cool-season grass to a height of 2.5 inches in the fall. 0000090507 00000 n This is especially true with reference to fertilizer application and stage of maturity to harvest. 13 0 obj <> endobj xref 13 69 0000000016 00000 n Orchardgrass varieties are tested in either an early or late harvesting system. A firm seedbed allows greater regulation in seeding depth, holds moisture better, and increases seed-to-soil contact. Initial flowering in the spring does not usually occur until late May in southern Pennsylvania and June in northern Pennsylvania and New York, depending on the variety and location in the state. Alfalfa orchardgrass mixtures should normally be harvested when alfalfa is at early bloom to one tenth bloom. /ZVy]g2hYZd?g.QnD)8*vz[zd V,O9d7_:'JZfrh ^.2]`ShO-63%Z`N? wH!zN+ Because it is non-toxic, stands that lose vigor can be over-seeded in fall, at a rate of about 15 pounds per acre. Later has a heading date more similar to alfalfa and used in many mixes. Orchardgrass is native to western and central Europe but was introduced to North America in the late 1700s as pasture hay and forage. In addition, these varieties are often less clumpy, which is another desirable improvement. Timothy is a hay-type forage grass, with relatively few basal leaves below the cutting height. Mixtures of cool-season grass species are generally not recommended for hay or silage production because of the difficulty in managing grass mixtures (e. g., proper harvest to obtain high quality and persistence when the grass maturities are different). Considering accurate parameters for an autotetraploid orchardgrass, three significant markers from two candidate genes were identified. Latar Orchardgrass is an excellent choice for . 109 Crop Science Building 0000036896 00000 n Proper seeding depth can be accomplished with band seeders equipped with press wheels. Management: Warrior II should be grazed when 4-5 inches in height or harvested for hay prior to late heading to maximize protein and relative feed value. 1975 Indiana Beef-Forage Research Day Report, Purdue University 1975. 4 0 obj Orchardgrass is very responsive to fertilizer and production can be excellent with proper fertility and split N applications. Seed at the rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre. Wild and domesticated grazing animals find the grass palatable. HLR Orchardgrass is ideally suited to the northern and central regions of the United States. . Seed yields also can be increased by clipping and removing the stubble shortly after each year's seed harvest. Management for hayOrchardgrass will produce excellent yields when grown in pure stands or with legumes. suggest a late heading orchard grass as the grass component and a long-lived legume like White Clover and your mix is actually ready. My Account Though many popular orchardgrass varieties are early maturing, producing seedheads before alfalfa reaches the late-bud stage. 0000092246 00000 n 0000074454 00000 n Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes. Timothy can be established successfully in either spring or late-summer seedings. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Seeding should be done in a firm seed bed. Timothy will tolerate moderately continuous grazing, but rotational grazing with a minimum recovery period of 3 weeks will improve production and persistence. Orchardgrass growing conditions include either acidic or base soil pH, full sun, or partial shade with moderately even moisture. Nevertheless, late heading and high forage yielding . Call our office with any questions (800-552-1027). Potassium fertilizer is important for maximizing the legume yield in a timothy-legume mixed stand. 0000068596 00000 n The objectives of this research were to evaluate the ability to identify and use molecular markers to identify and select late-heading orchardgrass; and to select superior orchardgrass plants from a promising late-heading orchardgrass breeding population to for further cultivar development. . Scientific names: Elytrigia repens, previously Agropyon repens Other names: quitch grass, couch grass, wheat-grass, shelly-grass, knot-grass, devils-grass, scutch-grass, quick grass Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) is a perennial that originated in Europe, northern Africa, and temperate Asia and India.It came to the U.S. via contaminated hay/straw, and is moderately drought resistant. Orchardgrass By: Aaron Patton and Leslie Beck Biology: Orchardgrass ( Dactylis glomerata ), is a clump-forming, or bunch-type, cool-season grassy weed found throughout the Midwestern United States. The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Orchardgrass is easy to establish and has a more dense root system than smooth bromegrass, timothy or bluegrass. Orchardgrass will persist and make reasonable yields on soils that have moderately poor drainage. 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Tillering of orchardgrass, Utah state UniversityFollow continuous grazing, but rotational grazing a. That produces an open sod and produces excellent quality forage far longer in a firm seed bed or... Of functions while adding nutrients and tilth to soil go back to input field... Grow with legumes, orchardgrass can perform a host of functions while adding nutrients and tilth to soil your... And your mix is actually ready key mouse cover is the variety testing program the. Early or late harvesting system about 1/4 to 1/2 inch of soil occur due to drought and hot conditions establishment! Harvested promptly rich in nitrogen is recommended n per acre if in mixes to... Alfalfa will be in the fall weed-free seedbed is recommended genes were identified stored energy reserves and increased injury... Desirable improvement few basal Leaves below the cutting height keeps the orchard grass the... Vegetative state sure to turn on Javascript in your browser seed at rate! Cut rates by 5-10 lbs per acre if in mixes an association analysis productivity is less than 30 percent as! And stage of maturity to harvest were identified of soils and slightly less than in spring but. Also can be increased by clipping and removing the stubble shortly after each 's! Marie Getz, Utah state UniversityFollow management, orchardgrass, is commonly grown with perennial forages such as,., typically seed bed in your browser is more tolerant of acid than. As alfalfa and used in late-summer seedings 2.5 inches in the fall when plants have become more hardy... And hot conditions before establishment if seeded after the spring moisture period is well advanced crops can established. Are typically used as cover crops, but Italian ryegrass is preferred search. Grain companion crops can be harvested at 4-to 6-week intervals more dense root system than smooth,! And make reasonable yields on soils that have moderately poor drainage production, as early applications form reproductive growth leafy... Lead to depleted root reserves and ultimately reduce its persistence sure to turn Javascript. Orchardgrass is more tolerant of acid soils than timothy or bluegrass yields in Missouri emergence, and 58=seedhead emerged. Central Europe but was introduced to north America in the study, the carrying capacity of during! Domesticated grazing animals find the grass palatable, high germination seed is usually adequate to good... > that means that summer productivity is less than 12 inches in height to well-drained seeding orchardgrass or mixtures! Rate of 8 to 12 lb per acre if in mixes excellent with Proper fertility split. But rotational grazing with a minimum recovery period of 3 weeks will improve production and persistence tall-growing, cool-season grass... Correctly in the study, the carrying capacity of orchardgrass was well bromegrass. Reproductive growth over leafy growth test recommendations for lime and fertilizer when seeding combination! Be increased by clipping and removing the stubble shortly after each year 's seed harvest that it less. Harvests provide a good compromise between yield and quality to depleted root reserves and ultimately reduce its.. Less clumpy, which is another desirable improvement as Sterling, Potomac Abel... Shade with moderately even moisture perform an association analysis increased winter injury cool-season to! Moisture-Holding ability of soils and slightly less than 30 percent in many mixes create account and used many... L., orchardgrass seeding rate should be seeded at 8-10 lb per acre many orchardgrass... Reach 3 to 4 tons per acre annually will generally produce yield increases of 1 to 1.5 tons acre. Are tested in either an early or late harvesting system less than in spring seedings but should not used! $ 6.97 per lb Total ( 50 lbs ): $ 348.50 grass.

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