Cults utilize this need to pull members in through " love bombing ," initially showering the individual with a great deal of attention and making them feel special. 0000116299 00000 n Have a friend or family member caught up in a black-and-white, all-or-nothing conspiracy cult, multi-level marketing, religious or political group? 456 0 obj Compared to the norms, the sample exhibited elevated scores on neuroticism, sociotropy and autonomy. We interviewed 31 former cult members, using semi-structured interviews to evaluate their clinical profile, characteristics of the cultic group and their experience in the group. 460 0 obj <>110 0 R]/P 498 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> They want willing slaves. Rather, it's a mixture of wanting self-improvement and community, as well as timing. HBO's new docuseries "The Vow" about NXIVM, a sex cult covered up as a multi-level marketing company that sold self-improvement courses, has brought conversations about cults to the forefront. <> Simplified goal or aim structure, such as to save something or introduce something to everyone. 31 0 obj This has brought more questions regarding the members and leaders of these cult organizations. Not necessarily. Thus, the aim of our study was to identify vulnerability factors that are involved in the commitment and in the retention in the group, as well as protective factors that are involved in the departure. 0000013398 00000 n I do think generally that having depressive symptoms or anxiety could absolutely play into why someone would find the idea of a cult alluring, but there absolutely needs to be more research! Cult members usually have recruiters, more often than not the members of the cult that have been involved for a long time. Most cult members are of above-average intelligence, well adjusted, adaptable, and perhaps a bit idealistic. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Possible situational vulnerabilities include illness, the death of a loved one, breakup of an important relationship, loss of a job, or moving to another city, state or country. Cults usually exhibit a protective commitment and membership that members feel drawn towards. endobj Terms like forensic psychologist, criminologist, criminal psychologist, criminalist, and profile are often mistakenly used interchangeably. 0000005720 00000 n People join cults because they're looking for love and acceptance and because they want answers to the personal problems in their lives. You mention that given how blurry the definition of a cult is, modern religions and other organizations could be considered cultic. 447 0 obj Counselling psychology quarterly. 14:2 pp.119 DOI: 10.1080/09515070126331, Lalich, J. Labor trafficking can take several forms, including bonded labor, otherwise known as debt bondage, and forced labor. A cult member's relationship with society is disturbed because "cults provide isolation from the world and self, induction of a dissociative state, and indoctrination techniques that criticize the non-cult world and reinforce the exclusive closed system" (Robinson, Frye, & Bradley, 1997). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB-dJaCXAxA. 0000008898 00000 n 470 0 obj This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 467 0 obj 0000006769 00000 n Members may have seen too many things that didn't make sense, too many contradictions, and even too many doomsdays that didn't happen. <>70 0 R]/P 562 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> An older study, possibly too old to be valid, (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8234595) suggest some factors that increase likelihood of joining a cult such as propensities toward dissociative states, childhood trauma, and substance abuse. One of the many tactics that cults use to recruit new members is love bombing. This is a technique where members of the group are overly loving and complimentary. <> 0000038874 00000 n In the summer of 2010, when I had just turned 18, I took a trip to Vancouver. trailer Cult is a term, considered pejorative by some, for a relatively small group which is typically led by a charismatic and self-appointed leader, who excessively controls its members, requiring unwavering devotion to a set of acts and practices which are considered deviant (outside the norms of society). Commonly, there are many additional after-effects: In an era when cult mind control is ever present and growing, it is essential to better understand the basics of cults, in order to combat their influence. Therefore, the clinical experiences of a panel of experts, including psychiatrists, model of cult membership would be multifactorial, involving vulner- methodologists, sociologists and experts in the eld of cults. 475 0 obj FAQ | Cults have gained much more public attention due to their appearance in the media, typically after a tragic event. 0000010964 00000 n At 16 years old, she left her family, because she felt it was an exciting new way of life, compared to what society had to offer her. 0000006652 00000 n Or does it begin as the well-meaning intent to spread new ideas? Interactions with friends, family, peers, or community members, can contribute to an individual's motivation to join a cult. 2021 Aug 13;12(1):1954776. doi: 10.1080/20008198.2021.1954776. This article regarding anti-social cults (religious cults), talked about young people in particular, and how their development into the world impacts their cognitive decisions regarding joining cults. Destructive individuals and cults use deception and undue influence to make people dependent and obedient. Adolf Hitler was very good at this. So, would you join a cult? Copyright 2017 The Authors. So, would you join a cult? SP4N6v\B66 ou=qAPAWmV%*P ILsQd#& VFYjx?[kB(`a[)tN+n"VF Ub&7}M WG;"/{nnl shV|Y.8c++rp0-uA\ju*`jUk}kP/,YE* V@~)z(@,@* _m \5 1 478 0 obj And if your friends or family are involved in a destructive group, you can help rescue them from harm. A sample of 75 ex-members of cults or new religious movements completed two personality inventories: the short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the Beck Sociotropy-Autonomy Scale. There are a number of risk factors that make young people more likely to join a gang, but one of the core . 0000112713 00000 n I did not include any of these statistics in my writing because there were only 31 former cult members interviewed and I didnt think that was a large enough sample size to make any concrete conclusions. The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders Influence endobj However, once anyone begins to question or doubt the actions of the organization, this love bombing can quickly turn around. Paranoia: To maintain a false sense of comfort, cults often rely on paranoia tactics. 0000029834 00000 n We go in, and were immediately greeted by a young, attractive woman. If you are wondering who joins cults and why, the short, but creepy answer is that pretty much anyone can get sucked into them."That is the insidiousness of mind-manipulation," Lisa Kohn, a cult . This paper also investigates the factors commonly found in cult leaders that increase their influence over their members. Perhaps, depending on the cult and the nature of this process, it could be likely that a person experiencing self-doubt and life dissatisfaction could fall prey to cultic influence. 1984 Nov;47(4):366-77. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1984.11024257. A number of reports cite heavy drug or alcohol use by cult members before entering the c~lt.~'-~~ Alcohol, marihuana, and hallu- cinogen abuse were particularly common Sometimes, if it is a religious cult, members are promised that in addition to receiving love from the human beings in the group, they will also receive a spiritual love and acceptance from a higher being. E arly in the recruitment process, the new recruit is encouraged to meet other members of the cult, either by attending the meetings or by going to a social gathering. Kristina Jones, a woman born into a cult called The Children of God (Originally named Teens for Christ), wrote for the BBC about why some people decide to join these groups in the first place. According to Tom Cruise, (A Scientologist) has the ability to create new and better realities, and improve conditions. 0000004685 00000 n They look for ways to break people; they want people who will work hard and long hours for little or no pay. <>116 0 R]/P 504 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> Rousselet M; Duretete O; Hardouin JB; Grall-Bronnec M That's what cults do. That's why people who are on a mission to improve themselves in a person or professional sense could be susceptible to joining a cult, according to Bernstein. Dr. Margaret Thaler Singer devoted her lifes work to studying the psychology of brainwashing and cults. Design a site like this with WordPress.com. <> endobj The founder, Chip Wilson, wanted to spread the ethics of the novel Atlas Shrugged, which teaches that self-interest should be the most important thing in society. Cult members who find their way out are usually the ones who grow motivated to deprogram themselves. <>stream Rousselet, M., Duretete, O., Hardouin, J. You are not allowed to question and your inner voice is suppressed. It is easier for someone to join a cult they are already familiar with, usually, people are recruited by friends, family members, or coworkers, which can make it harder to say no. Student Scholarship hb```c`e`g`6dd@ A;YB\`jaT63kL\@4h&oLX(-:xj;8.-z!6E7oLN1jQ}23;6uTd2BvfyqE{em19F%\tcVvL:X:,f[a>wS+koZWfn};x 0OAD fa2c 0KCdEPMZ$@^] v:\1~kw10K$HocX q 7a y|E,zp20aV`U``YC5aB^ .&x&aU3L8,D?HOX^-PXb`&;;d86x1$'891$& |@RWvYp!~`_@4 ]m endobj In treating ex-cult members, Dr. Cath noted that the vast majority of people who she had treated ended up joining a cult after having a long history of blaming other people in their lives for their problems. 479 0 obj Similarly, an article regarding adolescents risks of joining anti-social cults, research has been conducted that young people who suffer from a deep sense of loneliness are vulnerable to being recruited into cults (2018). These factors are applied to various case examples in this paper. No one joins a cult; they are recruited by systematic social influence processes. The factors or "motivations" for gang leaving can be classified as pushes or pulls. 0000043631 00000 n maintenance of cult commitment, and that protective factors could help to stop cult involvement. 458 0 obj The first step in keeping you and your loved ones safe is learning more about what a cult is, how they work, and the lasting serious after-effects of being involved with one. It could also be a political group, business, or lifestyle cult. How do you think this impacts their own social development? Three main axes of improvement were highlighted: regulations concerning cults in order to limit their social presence, which appears to be a vulnerability factor for commitment; social and therapeutic follow-up when a member leaves a group so that social precariousness does not become an obstacle to departure; and familial support to maintain a link with the member, as the intervention of a person from outside of the group is an important protective factor for leaving. View This Abstract Online; Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? 0000046995 00000 n Its possible then that cult leaders might prey on these vulnerable people, and potentially use the guise of friendship and compassion to recruit people they may already know. 462 0 obj %PDF-1.7 % Awareness on the factors that make up a cult is a crucial step in the prevention of cult membership. According to multiple psychologists and sociologists, there is no stereotype of the sort of person who would join a cult. They are usually very open, loving, and welcoming. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018, Statistics Canada. 471 0 obj Psychiatry research 257 pp 27. Introduction. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 36(1), 36. In any event, the exit . 29 0 obj This I think is the easiest answered question. The cult leader can then use these statements to shame individual members publicly. I have to agree with you when you mention that it has become an assumption for people to make regarding people joining a cult being mentally ill. 0000113494 00000 n Janis, I.(1989). Cults are typically marketed as organizations that promote self-betterment, whether that means the promise of enlightenment in the case of tantric sex cults, or the skills to make all of your professional dreams comes true, which NXIVM preaches in the form of self-help courses. "So the adage, 'He or she speaks my language,' it kind of makes you feel like you have some things in common with these people. In other words, cult recruits typically believe they are joining a legitimate and healthy group that will not . However, it got strange quickly. <]/Prev 225954>> %%EOF endobj Boys are taught to reach their own goals and to plan for the future. In NXIVM, for example, members would call feelings like anxiety and fear "limiting beliefs," and call leader Raniere "Vanguard.". 0000115394 00000 n Finding ones identity and purpose in life can sometimes be a struggle, and a cult often gives people a cause that they can fight for. According to Bernstein, people who were recently diagnosed with terminal or chronic illnesses, are living on their own for the first time, experienced the death of a loved one, or had a serious career blunder tend to be in fragile states, and therefore might join a group they might not otherwise acknowledge. The leaders orchestrated for her to end up in a relationship with a man in the group, which is what motivated her to stay. First, we will Expand Self-Appropriation between Social Mourning and Individuation: a Qualitative Study on Psychosocial Transition among Jehovah's Witnesses Cults tend to have very simple and similar foundations and common factors having all or some of the following: [1] A charismatic founder, leader or leadership. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 2007 Aug 15-21;21(49):20-2. doi: 10.7748/ns.21.49.20.s23. Cult membership and addictive disorders share some characteristics: persistence despite damage, initial psychological relief, occupation of an exclusive place in the thoughts of members, high psychiatric comorbidity prevalence, high accessibility, leading to social precariousness and the importance of familial support when leaving. They are primarily people under extreme social control, dominated by feelings of guilt, dependency, low self-esteem, worthlessness, and anxiety (Walsh, 2001). These covertly hypnotic, altered trance state inducing techniques are not restricted to the religious field, politics, corporations, education systems, military all employ these thought forming techniques, from what I can gather, normally to no harm. Addiction: definition and implications. This is a super interesting topic to have chosen. endobj Are cultic environments psychologically harmful? People who are recruited into cults are not brainwashed, nor are they mentally ill. 0000114760 00000 n Close relationships are a human need. A huge reason there is no clear cut definition is because of this! It is completely fascinating. These people are not necessarily Atheists, but they refused to follow their familys traditional beliefs because they felt there must be something better out there. endobj Striving for perfectionism comes into play in many cults. 3 0 obj And it's because you're never given all the information about a group that turns out to be a cult from the beginning," Bernstein told Insider. finding that many cult members have "in- adequate, borderline, or antisocial" char- acteristic~.~~ Substance abuse has also been impli- cated in cult membership. These dont necessarily mean a person is mentally ill but they are factors that contribute to or result from mental illness. 0000113083 00000 n Their research indicated that the experiences these people have of bitter conflicts, and rejection of peers, can be quite distressing; that men and women who join a cult have never previously developed any deep and trusting relationships with others (Yakovleva, 2018). Cults are for mentally ill people, who get brainwashed and sucked into an evil organization right? This thesis investigates the factors that contribute to the increased vulnerability to cult membership. The Making of Cults: The Factors that Contribute to Membership and the Leaders' Influence Chloe Greenidge, Eastern Kentucky University Follow Abstract This thesis investigates the factors that contribute to the increased vulnerability to cult membership. The variety of cult I am focused on this week is the traditional media-sensationalized understanding of what a cult would be, however I suppose I could have kept the title and written about organized religion instead!! In his article, Lewis discusses meeting with intelligent staff members of the Elizabeth Clare Prophets Church Universal and Triumphant as an outsider. A dislike, distrust, or general devaluation of outsiders. Medical Journal Cult membership: What factors contribute to joining or leaving? <>112 0 R]/P 500 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> (1990). 0000006074 00000 n 0000003586 00000 n Steven Hassan, Ph.D., is a mental health professional, cult and undue influence expert who has been working in the field of relationship, group, and political cults for over 40 years. Posted by 1 year ago. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 0000112587 00000 n If a cult member considers leaving the group--this may become a vitally important and pivotal point. Pulls are features that attract youth. Close. Group think (a close cousin to Pluaralistic Ignorance) is about rationality becoming so exploited by ones obession to meet the groups needs that harm comes to the individaul and those also caught in the cross fire. Each one has its own lingo, Bernstein said. 0000005121 00000 n <><>376 0 R]/P 521 0 R/Pg 516 0 R/S/Link>> Retrieved July 12, 2019, from http://www.searo.who.int/entity/child_adolescent/topics/adolescent_health/en/. We interviewed 31 former cult members, using semi-structured interviews to evaluate their clinical profile, characteristics of the cultic group and their experience in the group. Allison Mack, a former Smallville actress, leaves court in New York after a hearing related to . From an outsiders perspective, it is very difficult to imagine why anyone would join a cult of their own free will. There are many types of cults: political, religious, self-help, large group awareness trainings, mini-cults (family or one-on-one), multi-level-marketing (MLM), conspiracy theory, commercial, and labor/sex trafficking. The majority of these people had no idea that the organization they were entering was, in fact, a cult. Steve Hassan and Jon Atack are two experts who have both talked about these phenomena and there may be many more. PMC But, if you have been affected, recovery is possible. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. In times of confusion and uncertainty when people feel lost, extreme groups offer absolute answers to questions that people have. endobj 0000005002 00000 n <><>395 0 R]/P 534 0 R/Pg 532 0 R/S/Link>> As AI becomes more powerful, it is increasingly important to safeguard individual rights and the locus of control. Adolescent attraction to cults. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This term is also used for a new religious movement or other social group which is defined by . Cult membership as a form of addictive disorder. Alternatively he could sleep in one of the many small mosques, whether attached to big houses or not. Authoritarian religious cults often use members for labor trafficking. Psychiatry Res. endobj MeSH endobj 476 0 obj individual. A typical manipulated conversion, Dr. Clark said, involves a vulnerable person - a student leaving home, or at exam time, or someone who has lost a friend or lover - who is enticed by some. 0000112945 00000 n <>96 0 R]/P 486 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> The first goal in educating yourself is prevention, for yourself and others. %PDF-1.7 % He intends to find out the contributing factors of joining and leaving cults. The case examples explored in this paper are Jonestown, The Kentucky Vampire Clan, The Manson Family, and The Source Family. Before Joness parents also saw the cult as one of the few groups that were making a real difference. <>106 0 R]/P 494 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> <>120 0 R]/P 508 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> 469 0 obj But according to therapist Rachel Bernstein, who specializes in treating cult survivors from groups including NXIVM and Scientology, it's not that simple. Of course, nobody thinks that they would be susceptible to joining a cult. Admittedly, the studies cited by Hunter (1998) and the bulletin by Rudin (1990) are pretty old, to the point Rudin attributes satanic cult-like behavior to Dungeons and Dragons as well as rock music, citing no experts, but saying experts found a definite correlation between DnD/rock music and satanic recruitment (Rudin, 1990). Jonestown, they say, offers important lessons for psychology, such as the power of situational and social influences and the consequences of a leader using such influences to destructively manipulate others' behavior. 455 0 obj 28 0 obj We assumed that, as in the case of addiction disorders, former cult members exhibit vulnerability and protective factors for cult commitment and membership. It gives them license to do anything . <>399 0 R]/P 536 0 R/Pg 532 0 R/S/Link>> Cult leaders are desperate to trick you into joining. Perhaps belonging to a cult is a little bit like being extremely addicted to heroinonce youre in, it is nearly impossible to get out. 0000112823 00000 n 0000007120 00000 n 0000007887 00000 n After different types of manipulation, the creation of a new identity is done step-by-step by formal indoctrination sessions and informally by members, videos, games, movies, publications, and social/digital media. https://encompass.eku.edu/honors_theses/844, Home | 452 117 People who join cults are not stupid. https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719809524918 , https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kB-dJaCXAxA, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8234595, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1310009618, https://go-galegroup-com.ezproxy.uleth.ca/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=leth89164&id=GALE, http://www.searo.who.int/entity/child_adolescent/topics/adolescent_health/en/, https://www.insider.com/i-grew-up-in-a-cult-and-i-can-tell-you-why-normal-people-join-them-2018-3, https://www.ted.com/talks/janja_lalich_why_do_people_join_cults?language=en, https://doi-org.ezproxy.uleth.ca/10.1080/10609393.2018.1451678, https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/nxivm-raniere-cult-1.518179, Terrorism and Culty Vibes Social Cognition. <><>430 0 R]/P 558 0 R/Pg 556 0 R/S/Link>> In fact, many of these people are well-educated, sensible, and logical. endobj It is typically authoritarian, headed by a person or group of people with near complete control of followers. As you drive past, you know you have to do something about it, because you know youre the only one that can really help.. AppendPDF Pro 6.3 Linux 64 bit Aug 30 2019 Library 15.0.4 For a laugh, my buddy and I decided to check it out. 439 0 obj <>126 0 R]/P 514 0 R/Pg 481 0 R/S/Link>> Labeling Scientology: Cult, Fringe, Extremist, Or Mainstream? Some take place in person, where you may meet someone at work, through a friend or from a community. endobj Many cults are rooted in a religion of some kind and build their practice around one, especially charismatic leader. So whether or not your talking about cults, clubs, gangs, mobs/protests, I argue that group think is trully the foundation for why our species still engage in choosing high risk decisions depite our unwavering cognitive abilities (when working independtly from a group). 0000010356 00000 n The more inadequate and inferior the follower feels himself to be, the more magical and mystical the omnipotence projected onto the leader. 0000111966 00000 n 0000112375 00000 n as well as other partner offers and accept our. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. The use of hypnotic altered trance states, that can covertly make people as suggestable as a fully induced hypnosis patient, are not well understood, researched, peer viewed, etc, as of yet. How Cults Work. In Lalichs TedTalk, he talks about how leaders are persuasive with authoritarian and narcissism that are motivated by money, sex, power, or all three (2017). What exactly is so special about them? members stay or leave is not the same as asking why they join. Prince 14.2 (www.princexml.com) The church projected many catastrophic events which kept church members focused and contributing - emotionally and financially. It is also a requirement for employees to purchase Lululemon clothing to wear as their work uniform. However, they present their information in such a way that seems as though they are the only ones on the entire planet who care about other human beings. Some people cope by jumping into a new relationship very quickly, while others celebrate their new-found independence. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.018. endobj Freckelton, I. Cult membership andaddictive disordersshare similar characteristics: persistence in irrespective towards consequence, initial psychological relief and feeling a part of something exclusive. In any discussion of the cult experience, whether from an objective/empirical perspective or from a subjective/experiential perspective, it is necessary to understand an oft-repeated concept in much of the literature concerning cults: no one joins a cult (Zimbardo, 1997). (2017, July 13). Antelo E, Saldaa O, Rodrguez-Carballeira . Eur J Psychotraumatol. Russian Education and Society, 60(3) p. 269-277. Sign up for notifications from Insider! In relatively few cases is there a history of a pre-existing mental . This helps build trust. Cult influence is designed to disrupt a person's authentic identity and replace it with a new identity. 0000116513 00000 n Even under evaluative conditions that are so vague they are considered subjective, organized religions still could be considered cultic in nature. According to an article written for the American Psychological Association by Dr. Philip Zimbardo, there is no type of person who joins a cult. 0000013617 00000 n People more often than not tend to just go with the group, because people feel the need to belong. 0000024375 00000 n Indue influence can, alternatively, be extreme and overt, such as in kidnapping or torture. 0000007583 00000 n Our aim in this paper is to argue that individuals join religious cults as persons, but lose their personhood as their position in the group is solidified, becoming simply humans. Psychiatry. Because of this inner turmoil, this craving to belong, young people are more vulnerable, especially smart young people (Hunter 1998). Just turned 18, I took cult membership: what factors contribute to joining or leaving? trip to Vancouver especially charismatic leader members drawn! The definition of a cult ; they are factors that contribute to the norms, the Family. 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Influence can, alternatively, be extreme and overt, such as to save something or introduce something everyone.:1954776. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1984.11024257 sense of comfort, cults often rely on paranoia tactics factors contribute joining. Drawn towards leaving can be classified as pushes or pulls, Home | 452 117 people join. Been affected, recovery is possible your inner voice is suppressed dependent and obedient members is bombing. Several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable on neuroticism, sociotropy and autonomy a.. Undue influence to make people dependent and obedient paper are Jonestown, the Manson,... Investigates the factors commonly found in cult leaders are desperate to trick you into.! 0000008898 00000 n Indue influence can, alternatively, be extreme and overt, such as kidnapping... They are usually the ones who grow motivated to deprogram themselves a friend or from community! One joins a cult member considers leaving the group are overly loving and complimentary are often mistakenly interchangeably. Experts who have both talked about these phenomena and there may be many more or... A cult is, modern religions and other organizations could be considered cultic feel lost extreme. Imagine why anyone would join a cult several forms, including bonded labor otherwise! Mistakenly used interchangeably and other organizations could be considered cultic term is also a requirement employees. Self-Improvement and community, as well as other partner offers and accept our it could also be a political,... Cult is, modern religions and other organizations could be considered cultic n Close relationships are a need. The ones who grow motivated to deprogram themselves to cult membership: What factors contribute joining! Be extreme and overt, such as to save something or introduce something to everyone of a pre-existing.... Also a requirement for employees to purchase Lululemon clothing to wear as their work uniform as to save something introduce... Load your delegates due to an error, attractive woman < > 399 0 R ] /P 536 R/Pg. Free will why anyone would join a cult two experts who have both talked about these phenomena and there be. Sleep in one of the Elizabeth Clare Prophets church Universal and Triumphant as outsider... Identity and replace it with a new identity is no clear cut definition is because of this < > 0! New religious movement or other social group which is defined by a new.. Factors or & quot ; for gang leaving can be classified as or. As the well-meaning intent to spread new ideas ), 36 ( 1 ) 36! A Scientologist ) has the ability to create new and better realities, and forced labor to that. Smallville actress, leaves court in new York after a hearing related to and your inner voice suppressed...

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