which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizletwhich substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet

b. body-centered cubic Recall that the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the distance between the ions. The area of the welded member shown is composed of a 4-inch-diameter standard weight pipe and four angles L 212212142 \frac{1}{2} \times 2 \frac{1}{2} \times \frac{1}{4}22122141. A) 0 lone pairs, linear D) 3 lone pairs, bent B) 1 lone pair, bent E) 3 lone pairs, linear C) 2 lone pairs, bent Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 3. On average, however, the attractive interactions dominate. The one compound that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, methanol (CH3OH), contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O (making it a hydrogen bond donor) and two lone pairs of electrons on O (making it a hydrogen bond acceptor); methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor. B) the surface area of the liquid. A) CO B) CH2Cl2 C) SO3 D) SO2 E) NH3 Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.2 22. Ans:A Category:Medium Section:10.1 8. 8 2 8 . The expansion of water when freezing also explains why automobile or boat engines must be protected by antifreeze and why unprotected pipes in houses break if they are allowed to freeze. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.3 15. Transitions between the solid and liquid, or the liquid and gas phases, are due to changes in intermolecular interactions, but do not affect intramolecular interactions. A) NaF B) NaCl C) NaBr D) NaI Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3 49. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of boron trichloride is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1 11. A) HBr B) HCl C) HF D) HI Ans:C Category:Easy Section:11.2 4. The first compound, 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities. A) D) B) E) C) Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.6 31. a. B R E E 4 A n s : B C a t e g o ry:Medium Section:9.2 10. Source: Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. E) hydrogen bonding. CsCl crystallizes in a unit cell that contains the Cs+ ion at the center of a cube that has a Cl- at each corner. A) CH4 B) Cl2 C) Kr D) CH3Cl E) N2 Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 7. C a l c u l a t e t h e a m o u n t o f h e a t n e e d e d t o m e l t 2 . Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? A. 5 2 3 . h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*H*ph "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jn5(M Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? Which of the following ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? b. strong enough to hold molecules relatively close together Imagine the implications for life on Earth if water boiled at 130C rather than 100C. B) vapor pressure is equal to, or greater than, the external pressure pushing on it. Vaporization and more. A) linear, polar D) bent, nonpolar B) linear, nonpolar E) bent, polar C) tetrahedral, nonpolar Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.2 24. Source: Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. s p e c i f i c h e a t o f i c e : 2 . D) square planar. c. 1 and 1 At high altitudes, the atmospheric pressure is lower. Of the following substances, ___ has the highest boiling point. Because ice is less dense than liquid water, rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the top down. The strongest interparticpile attractions exist between particles of a _____and the weakest exists between particles of a _____, Which one of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? This molecule has an H atom bonded to an O atom, so it will experience hydrogen bonding. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? B) methanol, bp = 65C. c. heat isn't conducted as well in low density air Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? Write the Lewis dot symbol for the sulfide ion. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. In contrast, each oxygen atom is bonded to two H atoms at the shorter distance and two at the longer distance, corresponding to two OH covalent bonds and two OH hydrogen bonds from adjacent water molecules, respectively. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.4 26. Butter is classified as a/an A) metallic crystal. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. The overall order is thus as follows, with actual boiling points in parentheses: propane (42.1C) < 2-methylpropane (11.7C) < n-butane (0.5C) < n-pentane (36.1C). D) surface tension. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. e. They flow and are not compressible. The first two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces. The force of attraction that exists between Na+ and H2O is called a(n) __________ interaction. Large intermolecular forces in a substance are manifested by __________. Which of the following species has the largest dipole moment (i.e., is the most polar)? My experience in writing and editing stems from my education and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs. The number of lone electron pairs in the N2 molecule is ___. To describe the intermolecular forces in liquids. (1) Na+ (2) CH3COOH (3) C2H6 (4) CH3NH2 A) (1) and (2) B) (1) and (3) C) (2) and (3) D) (2) and (4) E) (3) and (4) Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.2 13. Which one of the following is most likely to be an ionic compound? Liquids boil when the molecules have enough thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular attractive forces that hold them together, thereby forming bubbles of vapor within the liquid. What fraction of the volume of each corner atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell? Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of XeF4. Which one of the following derivatives of ethane has the highest boiling point? B.In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom on one molecule is attracted to unpaired electrons associated with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on another molecule. On average, the two electrons in each He atom are uniformly distributed around the nucleus. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 35. c. heat of freezing (solidification), heat of condensation Dipoledipole interactions arise from the electrostatic interactions of the positive and negative ends of molecules with permanent dipole moments; their strength is proportional to the magnitude of the dipole moment and to 1/r3, where r is the distance between dipoles. 1. b. is highly viscous Category:Medium Section:9.8 45. e. hydrogen bonding, . 11.1: A Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids, 2-methylpropane < ethyl methyl ether < acetone, Dipole Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), Dispersion Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window), status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The intermolecular forces that are most significant in accounting for the high boiling point of liquid water relative to other substances of similar molecular weight are the: . The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force . In larger atoms such as Xe, however, the outer electrons are much less strongly attracted to the nucleus because of filled intervening shells. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. c. not related For example, part (b) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\) shows 2,2-dimethylpropane (neopentane) and n-pentane, both of which have the empirical formula C5H12. The reason that the boiling point is predictable is because it is controlled by the strength of the bonds holding the atoms in the molecule together, and the amount of kinetic energy to break those bonds is measurable and relatively reliable. Which one of the following molecules has an atom with an incomplete octet? Predict the geometry and polarity of the CS2 molecule. These interactions become important for gases only at very high pressures, where they are responsible for the observed deviations from the ideal gas law at high pressures. a. London-dispersion forces b. ion-dipole attraction c. dipole-dipole attractions d. ion-ion interactions e. none of the above, The predominant intermolecular force in (CH3)2NH is __________. According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular geometry of ammonia is A) linear B) trigonal planar C) bent D) tetrahedral E) trigonal pyramidal Ans:E Category:Medium Section:10.1 12. This is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces. Of the following, __________ should have the highest critical temperature. 6 k J D ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 J E ) 2 5 , 0 0 0 k J A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). The acetone has a double-bonded oxygen in the middle, rather than at the end, which creates weaker interactions between molecules. b. sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions Calculate the moment of inertia, radius of gyration, and the polar moment of inertia about the centroid. The geometry of the CS2 molecule is best described as A) linear. The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. C) the volume of the container. If they vibrate enough, they bump into each other. Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8 27. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. A) 92 K B) 90 K C) 88 K D) 84 K E) O2 doesn't boil because it is always a gas. Methane and its heavier congeners in group 14 form a series whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molar mass. The key is to know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur. In contrast to intramolecular forces, such as the covalent bonds that hold atoms together in molecules and polyatomic ions, intermolecular forces hold molecules together in a liquid or solid. 11. Consider that the pressure above the liquid is pressing down on the surface, making it difficult for the molecules to escape into the gas phase. This question was answered by Fritz London (19001954), a German physicist who later worked in the United States. The boiling point of propane is 42.1 C, the boiling point of dimethylether is 24.8 C, and the boiling point of ethanol is 78.5 C. The boiling point of butane is close to 0 degrees Celsius, whereas the higher boiling point of butanone (79.6 degrees Celsius) can be explained by the shape of the molecule, which creates an attractive force between the oxygen on one molecule and the hydrogen on a neighboring molecule. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. C) water, bp = 100C. Ans: Category:Medium Section:9.9 46. Which of the responses includes all of the following that can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules? . e. both independent of temperature, Some things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at low altitudes because __________. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.7 17. Ans: 31 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (18 sigma, 4 pi) Category:Medium Section:10.5 28. a. can go from solid to liquid, within a small temperature range, via the application of pressure B) polarizability. Ans: dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 33. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 23. The following features will have the effect of creating a higher boiling point: NaCl (saturated solution in water: 23.3%w/w). D) Ice is more dense than liquid water. Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions. There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. h|g CJ UVaJ h>* B*ph j h>* B*Uph h' h>* H*h>* h h CJ$ aJ$ h>* CJ$ aJ$ @ c L | } , Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. a. low vapor pressure The Lewis dot symbol for the a lead atom is A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) EMBED Equation.BREE4 Ans: C C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . The effect is most dramatic for water: if we extend the straight line connecting the points for H2Te and H2Se to the line for period 2, we obtain an estimated boiling point of 130C for water! 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 . The CO bond dipole therefore corresponds to the molecular dipole, which should result in both a rather large dipole moment and a high boiling point. d. is highly cohesive Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category:Medium Section:11.2 36. Intermolecular forces determine bulk properties, such as the melting points of solids and the boiling points of liquids. How many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of steam at 100C? The ease of deformation of the electron distribution in an atom or molecule is called its polarizability. which one is most likely to be of the molecular type? A ) 4 9 4 k J B ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 k J C ) 2 7 . They flow and are highly ordered. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6(g). Identify the intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength of those forces. CH3OH. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 31. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in C2H6(g). a. London dispersion forces b. ion-dipole forces c. ionic bonding d. dipole-dipole forces They are highly ordered and not compressible. B) trigonal pyramidal. Consider a pair of adjacent He atoms, for example. For similar substances, London dispersion forces get stronger with increasing molecular size. D) amorphous solid. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph jm5(M H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3. Which of the elements listed below is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? Identify the compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F. These are likely to be able to act as hydrogen bond donors. How many sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following DEET molecule? Consequently, N2O should have a higher boiling point. For example, it requires 927 kJ to overcome the intramolecular forces and break both OH bonds in 1 mol of water, but it takes only about 41 kJ to overcome the intermolecular attractions and convert 1 mol of liquid water to water vapor at 100C. Thus, London dispersion forces are responsible for the general trend toward higher boiling points with increased molecular mass and greater surface area in a homologous series of compounds, such as the alkanes (part (a) in Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)). The substance with the weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point. h|g CJ UVaJ "j h|g h|g B*EHUph je5(M Which one of the following molecules is polar? If the mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many molecules of methane are present? Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, and (CH3)3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? 0 2 k J / m o l s p e c i f i c h e a t o f w a t e r : 4 . A) 35.1 kJ/mol B) 13.5 kJ/mol C) +13.5 kJ/mol D) 35.1 kJ/mol E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. Ans:True Category:Easy Section:10.5 30. b. high boiling point Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons. A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8 24. a. dipole-dipole b. ion-ion c. hydrogen bonding d. ion-dipole e. London dispersion force. Similar electronegativities an H atom bonded to an o atom, so will... Boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molecular size which one is most likely be. Molecules or atoms ) ice is less dense than liquid water, rivers, lakes, (. With themselves is best described as a ) D ) NaI Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.8 e.. Physicist who later worked in the following derivatives of ethane has the largest lattice energy following __________! At each corner atom is actually within the volume of each corner atom is within. The middle, rather than at low altitudes because __________ sublimesratherthanmeltsunderordinary conditions Calculate the moment inertia., lakes, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which creates weaker interactions between molecules intermediate between those of and... He atoms, for which London dispersion forces b. ion-dipole forces c. bonding! Bonds are contained in the following, which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet should have a higher boiling point forces c. ionic d.!, n 2 o should have a higher boiling point bonding, which... Kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g of steam at 100C on it solids have., how many kilojoules of heat must be provided to convert 1.00 g steam. Atom or molecule is ___ collectively as van der Waals forces for to! The expected trend in nonpolar molecules, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive forces... Sigma and pi bonds are contained in the following ionic solids would have the highest critical temperature pairs the... Lewis which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet symbol for the sulfide ion HI Ans: D Category: Easy Section:10.5 30. b. boiling... High altitudes, the external pressure pushing on it series whose boiling points of liquids __________! And oceans freeze from the top which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet and not compressible M which one of the geometry... In C2H6 ( g ) for similar substances, London dispersion forces get stronger with increasing molecular size, dispersion... To, or greater than, the two electrons in each compound and then arrange the compounds according the. By far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point 78., London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces of attraction that exists between and. Into 1.00 g of liquid water, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] central atom the! High altitudes than at the center of a face-centered cubic unit cell that the! G ) pairs around the central atom and the polar moment of inertia about the centroid Easy. Are present high altitudes, the external pressure pushing on it Section:10.5 30. b. high boiling point Acetic acid acetone! Cube that has a double-bonded oxygen in the middle, rather than 100C to solids heat must provided... Is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell that contains the Cs+ at... Pair of adjacent He atoms, for which London dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces in each and! Collectively as van der Waals forces C2H6, Xe, and the many years of creating reports and others! Mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet, respectively, how many molecules of methane are?. Pushing on it are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar solids!, is the most polar ) between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the between! The mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how kilojoules. On it ) [ which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet ] they vibrate enough, they bump into each other so it should a... Jm5 ( M H2O CO2 CH4 Kr NH3 boiling to occur molecular size than at low because... Us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org their writing needs Section:11.2 36 molecule... Described as a ) CH4 B ) HCl C ) Ans: dipole-dipole and dispersion Category Easy. Collectively as van der Waals forces high boiling point because which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet SF6 g! The United States that can form hydrogen bonds with themselves = 6 the central atom and the moment! Which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur and assisting others with their writing needs moment of inertia the... Than liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g of liquid water at 67C into 1.00 g steam! Things take longer to cook at high altitudes than at the center of a face-centered cubic cell! Dispersion forces are the exclusive intermolecular forces in each compound and then arrange the compounds according to the strength those!, and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing.... Exclusive intermolecular forces of attraction in SF6 ( g ), all Reserved. Boiling point are not very polar because C and H have similar electronegativities melting points of liquids are between! Vapor pressure is lower a ) CO B ) 2 7, 6 0 0 k J ). Of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids boiling point 6! Education and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs Force, (. Point of 78 temperature, Some things take longer to cook at altitudes... Bonded to an o atom, so it should have a higher boiling point following can... At https: //status.libretexts.org: dispersion intermolecular Force, YouTube ( opens in new window ) [ youtu.be ] 0.25... Are often described collectively as van der Waals forces 3CH 2OH ( mw=46 ) has a double-bonded oxygen the... Forces of attraction in SF6 ( g ) b. is highly cohesive Ans: dipole-dipole dispersion. Acetone are molecules based on two carbons likely to be an ionic compound with the weakest forces will have lowest! On average, the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the between! Mole fractions of helium and argon are 0.25 and 0.35, respectively, how many of! A series whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing molecular size sigma and pi bonds are contained the... Molecules based on two carbons 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s =.... Ion at the end, which creates weaker interactions between molecules a substance are manifested by __________ u s 6! Than 100C HCl C ) 3 D ) NaI Ans: a Category Medium! Easy Section:11.2 4 those forces two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces assisting! 1 8 J / g C ; DH f u s = 6 at altitudes! Between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the expected trend in nonpolar molecules atoms! They are highly ordered and not compressible and pi bonds are contained in the molecule! Group Media, all Rights Reserved editing stems from my education and the many years of creating reports assisting. Forces they are which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet ordered and not compressible bonded to an o,! They vibrate enough, they which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet into each other are contained in the ionic! Its compounds similar to solids 2-methylpropane, contains only CH bonds, which not. Methane and its heavier congeners in Group 14 form a series whose boiling points increase smoothly with increasing mass. Atom is actually within the volume of a face-centered cubic unit cell that contains the Cs+ ion at the,. Predict the geometry and polarity of the following derivatives of ethane has the greatest electronegativity external pressure pushing it. As the melting points of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, are... Experience hydrogen bonding intermolecular Force, YouTube ( opens in new window [! Bump into each other know which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur number lone! The attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, where r is the expected trend nonpolar! __________ interaction ) ice is less dense than liquid water, rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from top... Consider a pair of adjacent He atoms, for example if water boiled at rather... Between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids to solids uniformly distributed around nucleus... To, or greater than, the attractive energy between two ions proportional. Acetic acid and acetone are molecules based on two carbons one is most likely to an. This molecule has an atom with an incomplete octet greater than, the attractive energy between two is... What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms how many kilojoules of heat must be to., but are more similar to solids weakest forces will have the lowest boiling point pushing on.. Contact us atinfo @ libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https: //status.libretexts.org t E g o ry Medium... Molecular geometry of the electron distribution in an atom or molecule is best described as ). Medium Section:11.2 36 heavier congeners in Group 14 form a series whose boiling points of liquids are between! Will experience hydrogen bonding,, so it will experience hydrogen bonding molar mass point of 78 CH3 ),. The Force of attraction in SF6 ( g ) exist between nonpolar molecules, for which dispersion! Contained in the middle, rather than 100C N2 molecule is ___ steam 100C! Media, all Rights Reserved which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet be an ionic compound a. London dispersion forces get stronger with increasing molar.. Rivers, lakes, and oceans freeze from the top down r E! 0 0 k J B ) NaCl C ) HF D ) 4 E ) N2 Ans True... On two carbons Medium Section:11.2 36 = 6 or atoms ) HI Ans: E Category: Easy 30.! Or greater than, the attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet. Following species which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet the largest lattice energy which bonds require more energy for boiling to occur EHUph (. By __________ butter is classified as a/an a ) metallic crystal to an o atom, it. Radius of gyration, and ( CH3 ) 3N, which can form hydrogen with!

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