At home, Alexander started another wave of reforms. He wanted his reign to be a happy one and dreamed of great and necessary reforms. Alexander issued an imperial manifesto on April 29, 1881, which ended the constitutional reforms of his father and proclaimed the absolute power of the emperor. A plan to abolish serfdom was prepared and a constitution drafted. There, Pavel had created a ridiculous little kingdom where he devoted himself to military exercises and parades. Alexander was born in Tiflis, in the Tiflis Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Georgia). Since he was the eldest son of the Tsar, Nicholas was heir to the throne of Russia. Catherine II (born Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst; 2 May 1729 in Szczecin – 17 November 1796), most commonly known as Catherine the Great, was Empress of All Russia from 1762 until 1796—the country's longest-ruling female leader. The plotters had let him in on the secret, assuring him they would not kill his father but would only demand his abdication. Died: March 13, 1881 in Saint Petersburg, Russia; Key Accomplishments: Alexander II earned a reputation for reform and a willingness to bring Russia into the modern world. (1777-1825), Russian Tsar 1801-1825 Alexander I was born in St. Petersburg on 23 December, 1777 and died at Taganrog on 1 December, 1825. He and Maria Feodorovna were officially crowned and anointed at the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow on 27 May 1883. Both sides tried to use Alexander for their own purposes and he was torn emotionally between his grandmothe… The army swore allegiance to Constantine. His grandmother, the reigning Empress Catherine II (the Great), took him from his parents and raised him herself to prepare him to succeed her. Having no support, Nicholas was prepared to give up power but Constantine didn’t want to rule either. Because he would become emperor one day, Alexander was taught many different subjects. Biography: Where did Nicholas II grow up? But much of the nobility opposed Alexander’s plans – the Czar backed down. The Empress saw in her grandson the future ideal monarch and an heir to continue her many programs and plans. Sales trends: 10 ways to prepare for the future of sales; Sept. 16, 2020. Nicholas II was born the son of the Russian Tsar Alexander III and Empress Maria Feodorovna. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Alexander succeeded to the throne at the age of 36, following the death of his father in February 1855, at the height of the Crimean War. Alexander II, like his uncle Alexander I before him (who was educated by a Swiss republican tutor, a follower of Rousseau), was to turn into a "liberalizing," or at any rate humanitarian, autocrat. Alexander I, son of Paul I, became Tsar of Russia in 1801. Instance hypernyms: czar; tsar; tzar (a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-I-emperor-of-Russia, RT Russiapedia - Biography of Alexander I, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Alexander I, Alexander I - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Alexander I - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Alexander reformed the state administration, creating in 1801 a system of ministries under the direction of a Cabinet of Ministers, and established a legislative advisory body, the State Council, in 1810. We can help. Alexander II, Emperor of Russia. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Nicholas I was the emperor of Russia from 1825 to 1855 and was known for his autocratic and orthodox policies. Paul I’s reign was a dark period for Russia. Over the course of a number of diplomatic congresses, victorious Russia played an impressive role in determining the political restructuring of post-Napoleonic Europe. After the darkness into which Paul had plunged Russia, Alexander appeared to his subjects as a radiant dawn. The culmination of the reign of Alexander I: Marshal Marmont hands over the keys of Paris to the Russian Emperor. Alexander was buried in the Cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress. The Alexander I of Russia Study Pack contains: Biographies (1) Alexander, I 912 words, approx. He was sidelined for years by his mother, Catherine II, before finally becoming emperor in 1796, after her death. Let our meeting and events experts help you organize a superb event in St. Petersburg. Alexander received an excellent education: when selecting his tutors, the Empress Catherine consulted with the best minds of the time, in particular with the French Enlightenment philosopher Denis Diderot. He was mostly known as "Sandro". Out of a sincere desire to innovate, Alexander considered a constitution and “the limitation of the autocracy,” but he recoiled before the danger of imposing sudden change on a nobility that rejected it. Logo of the Russian Academy of Sciences #4 He introduced the system of Table of Ranks to do away with hereditary nobility. See more ideas about imperial russia, maria feodorovna, romanov dynasty. Maximize your time in St. Petersburg with tours expertly tailored to your interests. Alexander and his close advisers corrected many of the injustices of the preceding reign and made many administrative improvements. Ascending the throne, Alexander's first manifesto promised that he would govern the country according to the principles of his grandmother, Catherine the Great. He also took part in the Congress of Vienna (1814–15) and drove for the establishment of the Holy Alliance (1815). Copyright © 2001-2021 ZAO "SAINT-PETERSBURG.COM". Alexander as a young man Alexander II, the oldest son of Emperor Nicholas I (1796–1855), was born in Moscow, Russia, on April 17, 1818. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. On March 13, 1881 Alexander’s father, Alexander II, was assassinated by members of the terrorist organization Narodnaya Volya. Tsar Alexander I became increasingly suspicious of those around him, especially after an attempt was made to kidnap him when he was on his way to the conference in Aachen, Germany. )/ 1 December 1825. Paul was 46 years old when he was assassinated in St. Petersburg on March 23, 1801. 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